Vratislav Holub Kufika kwa Apple Silicon kunayambitsa nthawi yatsopano yamakompyuta a Apple. Izi ndichifukwa choti tidakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, zomwe zidapumira moyo watsopano mu Mac ndikuwonjezera kutchuka kwawo. Popeza tchipisi chatsopanocho chimakhala chokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mapurosesa a Intel, samavutika ngakhale ndi zovuta zodziwika bwino za kutenthedwa ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi "mutu wozizira".
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
Pambuyo posinthira ku Mac yatsopano yokhala ndi Apple Silicon chip, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri a Apple adadabwa kupeza kuti mitundu iyi sichimawotcha pang'onopang'ono. Umboni woonekeratu ndi, mwachitsanzo, MacBook Air. Ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri kotero kuti imatha kuchita popanda kuziziritsa mwachangu ngati mawonekedwe a fan, zomwe sizikanatheka m'mbuyomu. Ngakhale izi, Air imatha kupirira, mwachitsanzo, masewera. Kupatula apo, tidawunikiranso izi m'nkhani yathu masewera pa MacBook Air, pamene tinayesa mitu ingapo.
Chifukwa chiyani Apple Silicon Simatenthedwa
Koma tiyeni tipitirire ku chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, kapena chifukwa chiyani Mac okhala ndi Apple Silicon chip samawotcha kwambiri. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimathandizira tchipisi tatsopano, zomwe pambuyo pake zimathandizira kuti izi zitheke. Poyambirira, ndi koyenera kutchula zomangamanga zosiyana. Tchipisi za Apple Silicon zimamangidwa pamapangidwe a ARM, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mafoni am'manja. Mitundu iyi ndiyokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo imatha kuchita popanda kuziziritsa mwachangu popanda kutaya magwiridwe antchito mwanjira iliyonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopanga 5nm kumathandizanso kwambiri. M'malo mwake, njira yaying'ono yopangira, imakhala yogwira mtima komanso yotsika mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, Intel Core i5 yachisanu ndi chimodzi yokhala ndi ma frequency a 3,0 GHz (yokhala ndi Turbo Boost mpaka 4,1 GHz), yomwe imagunda Mac mini yomwe ikugulitsidwa pano ndi Intel CPU, imachokera pakupanga 14nm.
MacBook Air yokhala ndi M2 (2022)
Komabe, gawo lofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Apa, kulumikizana kwachindunji kumagwira ntchito - kukulitsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ndikokwanira kupanga kutentha kwina. Kupatula apo, ichi ndichifukwa chake Apple amabetcha pagawidwe la ma cores kukhala okwera mtengo komanso amphamvu mu tchipisi tawo. Poyerekeza, titha kutenga Apple M1 chipset. Amapereka ma cores amphamvu a 4 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri 13,8 W ndi ma cores 4 azachuma omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri 1,3 W. Ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku komwe kumagwira ntchito yayikulu. Popeza nthawi yantchito yanthawi zonse muofesi (kusakatula pa intaneti, kulemba maimelo, ndi zina zambiri) chipangizocho sichimawononga chilichonse, ndiye kuti palibe njira yowotchera. M'malo mwake, m'badwo wakale wa MacBook Air ukanakhala ndi 10 W muzochitika zotere (zotsika kwambiri).
Kupititsa patsogolo
Ngakhale zinthu za Apple sizingawoneke bwino pamapepala, zimaperekabe ntchito zopatsa chidwi ndipo zimagwira ntchito mocheperapo popanda vuto lililonse. Koma chinsinsi cha izi sikuti ndi hardware chabe, koma kukhathamiritsa kwake kwabwino kuphatikiza ndi mapulogalamu. Izi ndi zomwe Apple yakhala ikukhazikitsa ma iPhones ake kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo tsopano ikusamutsa phindu lomwelo ku dziko la makompyuta a Apple, omwe, kuphatikiza ndi ma chipset ake, ali pamlingo watsopano. Kuwongolera makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi hardware yokhayo imabala zipatso. Chifukwa cha izi, mapulogalamuwo ndi odekha kwambiri ndipo safuna mphamvu yotere, zomwe mwachibadwa zimachepetsa mphamvu zawo pakumwa ndi kutulutsa kutentha.
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
Ndizoseketsa kwambiri kuyerekeza "zaka zana" i5 pa 14nm ndi ma SoC apano pa 5/4nm. Zomangamanga za "apulo silicon" zokha sizingakhale ndi magwiridwe antchito otere (ngakhale i5 yamakono). Apple kubetcha pa ma accelerator apadera (ma coprocessors). Kukhathamiritsa komwe kwatchulidwa kwa OS pa SoC yawo kumabweretsa "ntchito yopumira". Koma - ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yomwe "apulo silicon" ilibe coprocessor, ntchitoyo idzatsika ndipo sichidzakhala pamlingo wa i3 wochepetsetsa kwambiri. Kumbali ina, i5 yomwe tatchulayi imachita "mofanana" mumitundu yonse ya ntchito (osawerengera zithunzi zake zomvetsa chisoni). Inde, sindikunena kuti "apulo silicon" SoCs ndi zoipa, ndikungofotokozera kusiyana kwake. x86 yakhala ikukokera kuyanjana kuyambira 1976 (!), kotero mapulogalamu kuyambira nthawiyo amatha kuthamanga pa x86 CPUs/SoCs zamasiku ano. Limeneli ndi limodzi mwamavuto a "kuchedwa" kwa x86 poyerekeza ndi "apulo-wokometsedwa" aarch64 zomangamanga ...
Inde, Intel ili ndi mlandu pazimenezi, chifukwa imapitirizabe kumasula mapurosesa atsopano okhala ndi 14nm processors. Mukayerekeza machitidwe a mapurosesa atsopano, simungathe kuwona kusintha kwakukulu kwa chaka ndi chaka! Intel idapuma pang'ono pazathu ndipo tsopano akulipira.
*Ndi njira yopangira 14nm