Tsekani malonda
Nkhani

Steve Jobs - zotengedwa m'buku I.

Libor Kubín
32

Okondedwa owerenga, Jablíčkář amakupatsirani mwayi wowerenga zitsanzo zingapo kuchokera m'buku lomwe likubwera la mbiri ya Steve Jobs, lomwe lidzatulutsidwe ku Czech Republic pa 15 Novembara itanitsiranitu, koma nthawi yomweyo kuyang'ana zomwe zili mkati mwake ...

Chonde dziwani kuti mawu awa sanawerengedwe.

Timayamba ndi mutu 25.

Mfundo za chilengedwe

Kugwirizana kwa Jobs ndi Ive

Pamene Jobs, atatenga udindo woyang'anira wamkulu mu September 1997, adayitana oyang'anira akuluakulu pamodzi ndikulankhula mawu odzutsa chidwi, pakati pa omvera panali Briton wazaka makumi atatu, wamkulu wa gulu lopanga mapangidwe a kampaniyo. Jonathan Ive - kwa onse a Jons - amafuna kusiya Apple. Sanazindikire zomwe kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri pakukweza phindu m'malo mopanga zinthu. Zolankhula za Jobs zinamupangitsa kuganiziranso cholinga chimenecho. "Ndimakumbukira bwino kwambiri pamene Steve adanena kuti cholinga chathu sikungopanga ndalama, koma kupanga zinthu zabwino," akukumbukira Ive. "Zisankho zochokera ku filosofiyi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe tidapanga kale ku Apple."

Ive anakulira ku Chingford, tawuni yomwe ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa London. Bambo ake anali wosula siliva yemwe pambuyo pake adayamba kuphunzitsa pasukulu yantchito yakumaloko. Ive anati: “Bambo ndi mmisiri wabwino kwambiri. "Tsiku lina monga mphatso ya Khrisimasi adandipatsa tsiku lanthawi yake pomwe tidapita limodzi ku msonkhano wakusukulu, patchuthi cha Khrisimasi, pomwe panalibe aliyense, ndipo adandithandiza kupanga chilichonse chomwe ndidabwera nacho." chikhalidwe chinali chakuti Jony amayenera kukhala ndi chilichonse, kujambula pamanja zomwe akufuna kupanga. “Nthawi zonse ndimaona kukongola kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja. Kenako ndinazindikira kuti chofunika kwambiri ndi chisamaliro chimene munthu amachipereka. Ndimadana nazo pamene kusasamala ndi mphwayi zingawonekere mu mankhwala.

Ive adapita ku Newcastle Polytechnic ndipo adagwira ntchito yothandiza pakupanga nthawi yake yopuma komanso tchuthi. Chimodzi mwa zolengedwa zake chinali cholembera chokhala ndi mpira wawung'ono pamwamba womwe ukhoza kuseweredwa. Chifukwa cha izi, mwiniwake wapanga ubale wamtima ndi cholembera. Monga chiphunzitso chake, Ive adapanga maikolofoni yamutu - yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yoyera yoyera - kuti azilankhulana ndi ana osamva. Nyumba yake inali yodzaza ndi zitsanzo za thovu zomwe adazipanga pamene amayesa kupanga mapangidwe abwino kwambiri. Anapanganso ATM ndi telefoni yokhotakhota, zonse zomwe zidapambana mphotho ya Royal Society of Arts. Mosiyana ndi okonza ena, iye samangopanga zojambula zabwino, komanso amayang'ana mbali yaukadaulo ndi ntchito. Imodzi mwa mphindi zodziwika bwino pamaphunziro ake inali mwayi woyesa dzanja lake popanga Macintosh. "Nditazindikira Mac, ndidamva ngati ndikulumikizana ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito," akukumbukira. "Ndinamvetsetsa mwadzidzidzi momwe bizinesi imagwirira ntchito, kapena momwe iyenera kugwirira ntchito."

Nditamaliza maphunziro ake, Ive adatenga nawo gawo pakukhazikitsa kampani yopanga ma Tangerine ku London, yomwe pambuyo pake idapambana mgwirizano ndi Apple. Mu 1992, adasamukira ku Cupertino, California, komwe adalandira udindo mu dipatimenti yokonza mapulani a Apple. Mu 1996, kutatsala chaka chimodzi kuti Jobs abwerere, anakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti iyi, koma sanasangalale. Amelio sanayike zofunika kwambiri pakupanga. "Panalibe kuyesetsa kuti tisamalire kwambiri zinthuzo chifukwa tinali kuyesera kuti tipeze phindu poyamba," akutero Ive. “Ife okonza tinkangopanga kunja kokongola, ndiyeno mainjiniyawo anaonetsetsa kuti mkati mwake munali wotchipa kwambiri. Ndinkati ndisiye.”

Pamene Jobs adatenga ntchitoyo ndikupereka mawu ake ovomereza, Ive potsiriza adaganiza zokhala. Koma Jobs poyamba ankayang'ana wojambula wapamwamba padziko lonse kuchokera kunja. Adalankhula ndi Richard Sapper, yemwe adapanga ThinkPad ya IBM, ndi Giorgetto Giugiaro, yemwe adapanga mapangidwe a Ferrari 250 ndi Maserati Ghibli I. wosamala kwambiri Ive. "Tidakambirana njira zama fomu ndi zida limodzi," akukumbukira Ive. "Ndinazindikira kuti tonse timakondana ndi mafunde amodzi. Ndipo ndinamvetsetsa chifukwa chake ndimakonda kampaniyo. "

Pambuyo pake Jobs adandifotokozera ulemu womwe adachitira ndi Ive:

"Zopereka za Jony osati ku Apple kokha, komanso kudziko lonse lapansi, ndizokulirapo. Iye ndi munthu wanzeru kwambiri komanso umunthu wosiyanasiyana. Amamvetsetsa nkhani zamalonda ndi zamalonda. Iye amatha kumvetsa zinthu bwinobwino. Amamvetsa bwino mfundo za dziko lathu kuposa wina aliyense. Ngati ndili ndi mnzanga ku Apple, ndi Jony. Timapanga zinthu zambiri pamodzi, ndiyeno timapita kwa ena n’kuwafunsa kuti, ‘Kodi mukuganiza bwanji pa nkhaniyi? Amatha kuwona zonse zamtundu uliwonse komanso zing'onozing'ono. Ndipo amamvetsetsa kuti Apple ndi kampani yomangidwa mozungulira zinthu. Iye si mlengi chabe. Ndichifukwa chake zimandigwirira ntchito. Amagwira ntchito ngati ochepa ku Apple koma ine. Palibe aliyense m’kampanimo amene angamuuze zoyenera kuchita kapena kuchoka. Umu ndi momwe ndinayikhazikitsira.

Monga okonza ambiri, Ive ankakonda kupenda nzeru ndi malingaliro omwe adatsogolera ku mapangidwe enaake. Ndi Ntchito, njira yolengayo inali yabwino kwambiri. Anasankha zitsanzo ndi zojambula mongotengera ngati amazikonda kapena ayi. Ive ndiye, potengera malingaliro a Jobs, adapanga mapangidwewo mpaka kumukhutiritsa.
Ive anali wokonda kwambiri wopanga mafakitale waku Germany Dieter Rams, yemwe amagwira ntchito ku Braun, kampani yamagetsi yamagetsi. Rams analalikira uthenga wabwino wa "zochepa koma zabwino" - weinerig aber besser - ndipo, monga Jobs ndi Ive, adalimbana ndi mapangidwe atsopano kuti awone momwe angachepetsere. Chiyambireni Jobs adalengeza m'kabuku kake ka Apple kuti "ungwiro waukulu ndi kuphweka," wakhala akutsata kuphweka komwe kumabwera chifukwa chodziwa zovuta zonse, osati kuzinyalanyaza. "Ndi ntchito yovuta," adatero, "kuchita chinthu chosavuta, kumvetsetsa zovuta zonse ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo, ndikupeza njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli."

Ku Ive, Jobs adapeza mzimu wachibale pakufufuza kwake zenizeni, osati kuphweka chabe.
Ive nthawi ina adalongosola nzeru zake mu studio yake yopanga:

"N'chifukwa chiyani timaganiza kuti zomwe zili zosavuta ndi zabwino? Chifukwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi, munthu ayenera kudzimva kuti amazilamulira, kuti ndiye mbuye wawo. Kubweretsa dongosolo ku zovuta ndi njira kuti mankhwala akumvereni inu. Kuphweka sikungowoneka kokha. Sikuti ndi minimalism chabe kapena kusapezeka kwa chisokonezo. Ndi za kulowa pansi mu kuya kwa zovuta. Kuti chinthu chikhale chophweka, muyenera kulowa mozama. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumayesetsa kuti mukhale opanda zomangira pa chinachake, mutha kukhala ndi mankhwala ovuta kwambiri, ovuta kwambiri. Ndi bwino kupita mwakuya ndikumvetsetsa mankhwala onse ndi momwe amapangidwira. Pokhapokha mungathe kupanga kuphweka. Kuti muthe kuvula mbali zomwe sizikufunika, muyenera kumvetsetsa mzimu wake. ”

Jobs ndi Ive adagawana mfundo yofunikayi. Kwa iwo, kupanga sikumangotanthauza momwe mankhwalawo amawonekera kunja. Kapangidwe kake kamayenera kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa chinthucho. "M'mawu aanthu ambiri, mapangidwe amatanthauza tinse," Jobs adauza Fortune atangotenganso utsogoleri ku Apple. "Koma kwa ine, kumvetsetsa kumeneku kuli kutali kwambiri ndi momwe ndimaonera mapangidwe. Kupanga ndiye mzimu woyambira wa chilengedwe cha anthu, chomwe chimadziwonetsera mopitilira muyeso. "
Chifukwa chake, ku Apple, njira yopangira kapangidwe kazinthu idalumikizidwa mosalekeza ndi kapangidwe kake kaukadaulo ndi kupanga. Ive amalankhula za imodzi mwama Power Mac a Apple: "Tinkafuna kuchotsa chilichonse chomwe sichinali chofunikira," akutero. "Izi zimafuna mgwirizano wokwanira pakati pa opanga, opanga, mainjiniya ndi gulu lopanga. Tinabwereranso ku chiyambi mobwerezabwereza. Kodi tikufuna gawo ili? Kodi n’zotheka kuti igwire ntchito ya zigawo zina zinayi?”
Momwe Jobs ndi Ive adamverera mwamphamvu pakulumikiza kapangidwe kazinthu komanso tanthauzo lake ndi kapangidwe kake zimawonetsedwa pomwe adapita kusitolo yogulitsira kukhitchini poyenda ku France. Ive anatenga mpeni womwe ankaukonda, koma nthawi yomweyo anawuyika pansi mokhumudwa. Ntchito zinachitanso chimodzimodzi. Ive akukumbukira kuti: “Tonse tinaona zotsalira za guluu pakati pa nsonga ndi tsamba. Kenako anakambilana za mmene mpeniwo unapangila bwino kukwiriridwa ndi mmene mpeniwo unapangidwira. Sitikonda kuona mipeni yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito itamatidwa,” akutero Ive. "Ine ndi Steve tikuwona zinthu zomwe zimawononga chiyero ndi kusokoneza kufunikira kwa chinthucho, ndipo tonsefe timaganiza za momwe tingapangire zinthu zathu kukhala zoyera komanso zangwiro."

Situdiyo yotsogozedwa ndi Jony Ive yomwe ili pansi pa nyumba ya Infinite Loop 2 pamsasa wa Apple imabisidwa kuseri kwa mazenera owoneka bwino komanso zitseko zokhala ndi zida zolemera. Kumbuyo kwawo kuli malo olandirira anthu ovala magalasi, pomwe othandizira awiri achikazi amalondera pakhomo. Ngakhale antchito ambiri a Apple alibe mwayi waulere pano. Zokambirana zambiri zomwe ndinachita ndi Jony Ive m'bukuli zinachitika kwinakwake, koma nthawi ina, mu 2010, Ive anandikonzera kuti ndikhale madzulo ku studio, ndikuyang'ana zonse ndikukambirana momwe pano Ive ndi Jobs ankagwirira ntchito limodzi.

Kumanzere kwa khomo ndi malo otseguka kumene opanga achinyamata ali ndi madesiki awo, ndipo kumanja kuli chipinda chotsekedwa chachikulu chokhala ndi matebulo asanu ndi limodzi aatali achitsulo komwe amagwira ntchito pazithunzi zomwe zikubwera. Kumbuyo kwa chipinda chachikulu ndi situdiyo yokhala ndi makina angapo ogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta, pomwe mumalowa m'chipinda chokhala ndi makina omangira omwe amatembenuza zomwe zili pa oyang'anira kukhala zitsanzo za thovu. Kenaka, pali chipinda chokhala ndi robot yopopera yomwe imatsimikizira kuti zitsanzozo zikuwoneka zenizeni. Ndizovuta komanso zamafakitale pano, zonse zokongoletsedwa ndi zitsulo zotuwa. Korona wa mitengo kumbuyo kwa mazenera amapanga ziwerengero zosuntha pa galasi lakuda la mawindo. Kumveka kwa Techno ndi jazi kumbuyo.

Malingana ngati Jobs anali wathanzi, amadya chakudya chamasana ndi Ive pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, ndipo masana anapita kukayendera studio pamodzi. Atangolowa, Jobs adayendera matebulo azinthu zomwe zikubwera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi njira ya Apple, ndikuwunika momwe aliyense amasinthira ndi manja ake. Nthawi zambiri anali awiri okha. Okonza ena amangoyang'ana kuchokera ku ntchito yawo atafika, koma adatalikirana mwaulemu. Ngati Jobs akufuna kuthetsa zinazake zachindunji, amamuyitana mkulu wa kamangidwe ka makina kapena wina kuchokera kwa omwe ali pansi pa Ive. Pamene anali wokondwa ndi chinachake kapena anali ndi lingaliro la njira ya kampani, nthawi zina ankabweretsa CEO Tim Cook kapena mkulu wa zamalonda Phil Schiller naye ku studio. Ive akufotokoza momwe zidayendera:

"Chipinda chodabwitsachi ndi malo okhawo pakampani yonse momwe mungayang'anire ndikuwona zonse zomwe tikugwira. Steve atafika, anakhala pa tebulo limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, tikamagwira ntchito pa iPhone yatsopano, amatenga mpando ndikuyamba kusewera ndi zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana, kuzigwira ndi kuzitembenuza m'manja mwake ndikunena zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Kenako amayang'ana pa matebulo ena, ndi iye ndi ine basi, ndikuwunika momwe zinthu zina zikupangidwira. M'kanthawi kochepa, amapeza lingaliro la momwe zinthu zilili, kukula kwa iPhone, iPad, iMac ndi laputopu, zonse zomwe timakumana nazo. Chifukwa cha izi, amadziwa zomwe kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso momwe zinthu zimagwirizanirana. Ndipo nthawi zina amati: ‘Kodi n’zomveka kuchita zimenezi? Timakula kwambiri kuno,' kapena zina zofanana. Amayesa kuzindikira zinthu zokhudzana ndi wina ndi mnzake, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri pakampani yayikulu chotere. Kuyang'ana zitsanzo pa matebulo, amatha kuona tsogolo la zaka zitatu zotsatira.

Mbali yaikulu ya kulenga ndi kulankhulana. Timakhalanso tikuyenda mozungulira matebulo ndikusewera ndi zitsanzo. Steve sakonda kuyang'ana zojambula zovuta. Ayenera kuona chitsanzocho, kuchigwira m’manja, kuchigwira. Ndipo iye akulondola. Nthawi zina ndimadabwa kuti chitsanzo chomwe timapanga chikuwoneka ngati chopanda pake, ngakhale chinkawoneka bwino pazithunzi za CAD.

Steve amakonda kubwera kuno chifukwa ndi bata komanso bata. Paradaiso kwa munthu wowona. Palibe kuwunika kokhazikika, palibe kupanga zisankho zovuta. M’malo mwake, timapanga zosankha mwadongosolo. Popeza timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zathu tsiku ndi tsiku, timakambirana zonse pamodzi nthawi zonse ndikuchita popanda mawu opusa, sitiyika pachiwopsezo kusagwirizana kwakukulu. "

Patsiku lomwe ndinayendera studio, Ive anali kuyang'anira chitukuko cha pulagi yatsopano ya ku Ulaya ndi cholumikizira cha Macintosh. Mitundu yambiri ya thovu idaumbidwa ndikupentidwa m'mitundu yabwino kwambiri yowunikira. Wina akhoza kudabwa chifukwa chake mutu wa mapangidwe amachitira zinthu zoterezi, koma Jobs mwiniwakeyo adagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira chitukuko. Kuyambira pakupanga magetsi apadera a Apple II, Ntchito zakhala zikukhudzidwa osati ndi zomangamanga zokha, komanso ndi mapangidwe a zigawo zoterezi. Iye mwiniyo ali ndi patent ya "njerwa" yamphamvu yoyera ya MacBook kapena cholumikizira maginito. Pakukwanira: kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2011, adalembetsedwa ngati woyambitsa nawo pamatenti mazana awiri ndi khumi ndi awiri ku United States.

Ive ndi Jobs nawonso anali okonda kuyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana za Apple, zina zomwe adazipatsanso patent. Mwachitsanzo, nambala ya patent D558,572 yomwe idatulutsidwa ku United States pa Januware 1, 2008 ndi bokosi la iPod nano. Zojambula zinayi zikuwonetsa momwe chipangizocho chimakhalira mu kabokosi pamene bokosi latsegulidwa. Nambala ya patent D596,485, yomwe idatulutsidwa pa Julayi 21, 2009, ndi ya mlandu wa iPhone, chivundikiro chake cholimba komanso kapulasitiki kakang'ono konyezimira mkati.

Kumayambiriro, Mike Markkula adafotokozera Jobs kuti anthu amaweruza "buku ndi chivundikiro chake," choncho ndikofunika kunena ndi chivundikiro kuti pali mwala wamtengo wapatali mkati. Kaya ndi iPod mini kapena MacBook Pro, makasitomala a Apple amadziwa kale momwe zimakhalira kuti atsegule chikwama chopangidwa bwino ndikuwona momwe mankhwalawo amakhalira mkati mwake. Ive anati: “Ine ndi Steve tinkakhala nthawi yambiri tikuonera zolaula. "Ndimakonda ndikamasula chinachake. Ngati mukufuna kupanga mankhwala apadera, ganizirani za mwambo wosatsegula. Kupaka kumatha kukhala zisudzo, itha kukhala nkhani yomaliza. ”

Ive, yemwe anali ndi luso lazojambula, nthawi zina ankakwiya pamene Jobs adatenga ngongole zambiri. Anzake anapukusa mitu yawo chifukwa cha chizolowezi chakechi kwa zaka zambiri. Nthawi zina, Ive ankamva squeamize pang'ono za Jobs. "Anayang'ana malingaliro anga nati, 'Izi sizabwino, izi sizabwino, ndimakonda izi,'" akukumbukira motero Ive. “Kenako ndinakhala pakati pa omvetsera ndi kumumva akulankhula za chinachake ngati kuti chinali lingaliro lake. Ndimatchera khutu komwe lingaliro lililonse likuchokera, ndimasunga ngakhale buku lamalingaliro anga. Chifukwa chake ndimakhumudwa kwambiri akamatengera zomwe ndapanga. ” Ive amasangalalanso anthu akunja akunena kuti Apple ikuyimira malingaliro a Jobs. "Izi zimayika Apple pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati kampani," Ive akutero mosabisa, koma modekha. Kenako anaima kaye ndipo patapita kanthawi anavomereza kuti Jobs akuchita. "Maganizo omwe gulu langa ndi ine timabwera nawo angakhale opanda ntchito popanda Steve kutikankhira, kugwira ntchito nafe, ndikugonjetsa zopinga zilizonse zomwe zingatilepheretse kusintha malingaliro athu kukhala chinthu chokhazikika."

Gwero
Zokambirana
Mitu: , , , , , , , , ,

Zogwirizana



Ambiri amawerenga zolemba

.