Daniel Hruska Chipangizo choyamba chokhala ndi chip cha Apple chomwe chinali iPad mu 2010. Panthawiyo, pulosesa ya A4 inali ndi chigawo chimodzi ndipo ntchito yake sikungafanane ndi mbadwo wamakono. Kwa zaka zisanu, pakhalanso mphekesera zophatikizira tchipisi tambiri mu makompyuta a Mac. Monga tchipisi ta m'manja chimachulukitsa magwiridwe antchito awo chaka chilichonse, kutumizidwa kwawo pama desktops ndi mutu wosangalatsa kwambiri.
Purosesa ya 64-bit A7 ya chaka chatha idalembedwa kale kuti "desktop-class", kutanthauza kuti ili ngati mapurosesa akulu kuposa mafoni. Purosesa yaposachedwa komanso yamphamvu kwambiri - A8X - idayikidwa mu iPad Air 2. Ili ndi ma cores atatu, ili ndi ma transistors mabiliyoni atatu ndipo magwiridwe ake ndi ofanana ndi Intel Core i5-4250U kuchokera ku MacBook Air Mid-2013. Inde, zizindikiro zopangira sizinena kalikonse za liwiro lenileni la chipangizocho, koma mwina zingasocheretse anthu ambiri kuti mafoni amakono amangopukutidwa ndi inki yokhala ndi touch screen.
Apple imadziwa bwino tchipisi take ta ARM, bwanji osakonzekeretsanso makompyuta anu? Malingana ndi katswiri wa Ming-Chi Kuo wa KGI Securities, tikhoza kuona ma Mac oyambirira akugwira ntchito pa ARM processors kumayambiriro kwa 2016. Pulogalamu yoyamba yokhoza kukhala 16nm A9X, yotsatiridwa ndi 10nm A10X patatha chaka. Funso likubuka, chifukwa chiyani Apple iyenera kusankha kuchita izi pomwe mapurosesa ochokera ku Intel akukwera pamwamba?
Chifukwa chiyani ma processor a ARM amamveka
Chifukwa choyamba chidzakhala Intel mwiniwake. Osati kuti pali cholakwika ndi izo, koma Apple nthawi zonse amatsatira mawu akuti: "Kampani yomwe imapanga mapulogalamu iyeneranso kupanga hardware yake ili ndi ubwino wake - nthawi zonse mukhoza kukhathamiritsa mapulogalamu ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri." M'zaka zaposachedwa, Apple yawonetsa izi mwachindunji.
Si chinsinsi kuti Apple amakonda kulamulira. Kutseka Intel kungatanthauze kufewetsa ndikuwongolera njira yonse yopangira. Nthawi yomweyo, zingachepetse mtengo wopanga tchipisi. Ngakhale ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa makampani awiriwa ndi wabwino kwambiri - simungadalire wina ndi mnzake mutadziwa kuti mutha kupanga zomwezo pamtengo wotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyendetsa nokha chitukuko chonse chamtsogolo, popanda kudalira munthu wina.
Mwina ndachipanga chachifupi kwambiri, koma ndi zoona. Kuphatikiza apo, sikungakhale koyamba kuti kusintha kwa purosesa kuchitike. Mu 1994 kunali kusintha kuchokera ku Motorola 68000 kupita ku IBM PowerPC, kenako kupita ku Intel x2006 mu 86. Apple sikuti amawopa kusintha. 2016 ndi zaka 10 kuchokera pomwe adasinthira ku Intel. Zaka khumi mu IT ndi nthawi yayitali, chilichonse chingasinthe.
Makompyuta amakono ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndipo tingawayerekeze ndi magalimoto. Galimoto yamakono iliyonse idzakutengerani kuchoka kumalo A kupita kumalo B popanda vuto lililonse. Pakukwera nthawi zonse, gulani yomwe ili ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri / magwiridwe antchito ndipo ikuthandizani pamtengo wotsika mtengo. Ngati mumayendetsa pafupipafupi komanso kupitilira apo, gulani galimoto yokwera kwambiri ndipo mwina yokhala ndi makina odziwikiratu. Komabe, ndalama zokonzera zidzakhala zokwera pang'ono. Pamsewu, mutha kugula china chake ndi 4 × 4 drive kapena molunjika panjira, koma chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ndipo mtengo wake udzakhala wokwera.
Mfundo ndi yakuti galimoto yaing'ono kapena galimoto yapansi yapakati imakhala yokwanira kwa ambiri. Mofananamo, kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, laputopu "wamba" ndiyokwanira kuwonera makanema kuchokera ku YouTube, kugawana zithunzi pa Facebook, kuyang'ana imelo, kusewera nyimbo, kulemba chikalata mu Mawu, kusindikiza PDF. MacBook Air ndi Mac mini ya Apple idapangidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi, ngakhale zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimafuna magwiridwe antchito.
Ogwiritsa ntchito ovuta kwambiri amakonda kufikira MacBook Pro kapena iMac, yomwe imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchitowa amatha kusintha kale makanema kapena kugwira ntchito ndi zithunzi. Kufikira kofunikira kwambiri pakuchita mosasunthika pamtengo woyenera, mwachitsanzo, Mac Pro. Padzakhala dongosolo laocheperapo kuposa mitundu ina yonse yomwe yatchulidwa, monga momwe magalimoto apamsewu amayendetsedwa mocheperapo kuposa Fabia, Octavia ndi magalimoto ena otchuka.
Chifukwa chake, ngati posachedwa Apple ikwanitsa kupanga purosesa ya ARM kotero kuti imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito (poyamba, mwina osafunikira), bwanji osagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa OS X? Kompyuta yotereyi imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali wa batri ndipo mwachiwonekere imatha kukhazikika pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa imakhala yochepa mphamvu ndipo "satenthetsa" kwambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani ma processor a ARM samveka
Ma Mac okhala ndi tchipisi ta ARM sangakhale amphamvu mokwanira kuti azitha kuyendetsa mawonekedwe a Rosetta kuti agwiritse ntchito x86. Zikatero, Apple iyenera kuyamba kuyambira pomwe, ndipo opanga amayenera kulembanso mapulogalamu awo mwachangu. Munthu sangatsutse ngati opanga mapulogalamu otchuka komanso akatswiri angalole kuchita izi. Koma ndani akudziwa, mwina Apple yapeza njira yopangira mapulogalamu a x86 kuti aziyenda bwino pa "ARM OS X".
Symbiosis ndi Intel imagwira ntchito mwangwiro, palibe chifukwa chopangira china chatsopano. Mapurosesa ochokera ku chimphona cha silicon ichi ndi chapamwamba, ndipo m'badwo uliwonse ntchito yawo imawonjezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Apple imagwiritsa ntchito Core i5 pamitundu yotsika kwambiri ya Mac, Core i7 yamitundu yodula kwambiri kapena masinthidwe achizolowezi, ndipo Mac Pro ili ndi ma Xeons amphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mudzakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira nthawi zonse, mkhalidwe wabwino. Apple ikhoza kupezeka pamalo pomwe palibe amene amafuna makompyuta ake ikasweka ndi Intel.
Ndiye zikhala bwanji?
Inde, palibe amene akudziwa zimenezo. Ndikadati ndiyang'ane zonse momwe Apple amawonera, ndikadakonda kamodzi tchipisi zofananira zidaphatikizidwa pazida zanga zonse. Ndipo ngati nditha kuwapangira zida zam'manja, ndikufuna kuyesereranso chimodzimodzi pamakompyuta. Komabe, akuchita bwino pakadali pano ngakhale ndi mapurosesa apano, omwe amaperekedwa kwa ine mokhazikika ndi mnzanga wamphamvu, ngakhale kutulutsidwa kwa MacBook Air yatsopano ya 12-inch mwina idachedwa chifukwa chakuchedwa kwa Intel ndikuyambitsa. za m'badwo watsopano wa mapurosesa.
Kodi ndingabweretse mapurosesa amphamvu okwanira omwe angakhale pamlingo wa omwe ali mu Macbook Air? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi pambuyo pake nditha kutumiza (kapena kutha kupanga) ARM mumakompyuta akadaulo? Sindikufuna kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri yamakompyuta. Nthawi yomweyo, ndiyenera kukhala ndi ukadaulo woyendetsa mapulogalamu a x86 pa ARM Mac, chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito adzafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe amakonda. Ngati ndili nayo ndipo ndikutsimikiza kuti igwira ntchito, ndimasula Mac yochokera ku ARM. Kupanda kutero, ndikhala ndi Intel pakadali pano.
Ndipo mwina zidzakhala zosiyana kotheratu. Koma ine, sindisamala za mtundu wa purosesa mu Mac yanga bola ngati ili yamphamvu mokwanira pantchito yanga. Chifukwa chake ngati Mac yopeka ili ndi purosesa ya ARM yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi Core i5, sindingakhale ndi vuto limodzi losagula. Nanga bwanji inu, kodi mukuganiza kuti Apple ikhoza kuyambitsa Mac ndi purosesa yake zaka zingapo zikubwerazi?
ARM imatanthauza kutaya 99.9% ya mapulogalamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta powerenga imelo, Facebook ndi Angry birds (inde, ndikukokomeza mofunitsitsa), ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti palibe amene sali wokwanira adzalola zimenezo. Kusintha kwa Intel kunapangitsa zinthu kukhala zosavuta kwambiri. Kupatula apo, anthu ochepa mu gawo la sayansi amapita ku Macy. Ndilo lingaliro langa.
Kusamukira ku ARM kumatanthauza kutayika kwakukulu kogwirizana komanso kufinyidwa kokulirapo m'malo otetezedwa mwamphamvu azinthu zomwe zidasankhidwa kale. Onjezani kuti mapulani ochotsa doko la USB ku Macbook Air ndi malingaliro ena, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi kompyuta yomwe imangogwirizana yokha, ndipo mwina ngakhale pamenepo. Kwa ine zingatanthauze kutha kwa MAC momwe ndimakondera:-( Koma ndani akudziwa, kusintha ndi moyo ...
Chifukwa chiyani muli ndi iMac ndi mini yofooka kwambiri mu Intel pomwe machitidwe awo ali ofooka ngati Generation yomaliza?
Kwa ine, kuyesa mitundu iyi ndikupita kunjira yofananira ndi Retina, kusefukira kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mzere wazogulitsa.
Mukuyiwala za m'badwo womwe ukubwera wa ma processor a Intel Core M…
mbiri ikubwereza?
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ibwera posachedwa. Sindingadabwe ngati utakhala mpweya woyembekezeredwa. Ndi chipangizo cha anthu ambiri omwe sagwira ntchito zambiri, koma kusangalala ndi khofi. Ndithanso kulingalira mtundu wina wa emulator wa x86 ndipo popeza apulo ili mkati, opanga ambiri amathamangira kuti akhale oyamba kukonzanso mapulogalamu awo a hardware yatsopano. Flusbrok apita kumeneko ndiye bwanji? :-)
Ndikuganiza kuti drawback yokhayo ingakhale yosagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu akale.
Ubwino ndi, mwachitsanzo, kutsika kotheka kwa mtengo. Ngakhale pa Macs otsika mtengo, purosesa ya Intel yokhala ndi chipset imawononga USD 250. Apple ikhoza kupanga A8, A9, ... mapurosesa osakwana 50 USD.
Phindu lina lingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito Metal graphics API pa Mac. Kuchita kwa quad-core A8 yokhala ndi zithunzi zamakono kungakhale kwinakwake pamlingo wamasewera aposachedwa.
Mitundu yoyambira ya mac imatha kukhala ndi ma processor a ARM, ndipo ma mac amphamvu kwambiri amatha kukhalabe pa ma processor a Intel. Apple ili ndi malo ake ogulitsira mapulogalamu komanso malo ake opanga mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi womasulira wake. Mapulogalamu omwe pakali pano amangogwiritsa ntchito API yokhazikika yoperekedwa ndi Apple angakhale osavuta kumasulira kwa mapurosesa a ARM.
Pambuyo pake, ma Mac amphamvu kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi ma ARM ndi ma Intel processors. Mapulogalamu a OS X ndi iLife ndi iWorks amatha kugwira ntchito pa ma processor a ARM ndipo Photoshop, Premiere, Final Cut ndi mapulogalamu ena amatha kugwirabe ntchito pa Intel processors.
Tsoka ilo, choyipacho chingakhalenso chosagwirizana ndi pulogalamu yatsopano.
Chifukwa chiyani payenera kukhala zosagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu atsopano? Ndimalemba pulogalamu ya OS X, ndikuipangira Intel ndi ARM ndikuitumiza ku App Store. Ngati ndingogwiritsa ntchito zomwe API imapereka kuchokera ku Apple, ndiye kuti sipangakhale vuto ndi izi. Ngati ndigwiritsa ntchito china chake chapadera pa purosesa ya Intel, sizingagwire ntchito. Kupatula mapulogalamu aukadaulo omwe amafunikira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, palibe chifukwa cha izi.
Wogwiritsa ntchito atsegula App Store, amatsitsa mtundu wa pulogalamu yake ndikuigwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi ina ndinawerenga nkhani yomwe adayesa OS X pa purosesa ya Intel, adagula Sony Vaio yodula kwambiri yomwe angapeze m'sitolo, ndipo idagwira ntchito masiku awiri. Mu masabata awiri, ngakhale mapulogalamu oyambirira ochokera ku Apple anabwera.
Funso lalikulu ndilakuti Apple ingathe kuwonetsetsa kuti mapulogalamu a x86 akuyenda pa ARM. Makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito kampani, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina kwa Windows ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake ngati x86 Windows virtualization ingagwire ntchito pa ARM popanda kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito, mwachiwonekere ogwiritsa ntchito sangasamale kuti purosesa ili ndi chiyani. Koma ndikuwopa kuti sizingachitike popanda kufunikira kutsanzira komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito. Koma ndani akudziwa. Mwachitsanzo, Cupertino adakwanitsa kupeza njira yabwino yotsatsira kamangidwe ka purosesa m'njira yoti asungire magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso mphamvu zamagetsi.
Apple sayenera kuiteteza. Ali kale ndi app store yakeyake. Ndikokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti opanga ali ndi nthawi yosinthira mapulogalamu awo ku ARM, zomwe siziyenera kukhala vuto. Ndipo nthawi ina ndidzakhala ndikugulitsa Mac ndi Intel processors.
Payenera kukhala maziko atsopano a ARM chaka chamawa ndipo magwiridwe ake akuyenera kuwirikiza nthawi 3.5 kuposa panopo, kuti kutsanzira kugonjetsedwe.
Ndikhoza kulingalira kuti chaka chamawa ku WWDC, Apple idzayambitsa OS X pa mapurosesa a ARM, kupereka opanga mac mini ndi purosesa ya ARM kuti ayese mapulogalamu awo, ndipo nthawi ina miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Khrisimasi isanayambe kugulitsa zoyambira za mac mini, macbook. Air ndi iMac yokhala ndi ma processor a ARM. Ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi, Intel idzasiya mapurosesa mu 15 ″ macbook pro, 27 ″ iMac ndi Mac Pro. Ndipo nthawi zina muzaka 2-3 Intel imasiya purosesa mu Mac Pro yokha.
Chifukwa chiyani kusagwirizana? Windows 10 tsopano idzagwiranso ntchito pa ARM. Trď ndi mtundu watsopano wa RasPi 2 wokhala ndi ARM SoC yochokera ku BroadCom, ndipo Windows ikuyenera kuthamanga pamenepo. Chifukwa chake sindikuwona chifukwa chomwe osakhala ARM pa Mac. Mapulogalamu a IBM PowerPC adalembedwanso ndikuphatikizidwa ku x86 malangizo pomwe Apple idayamba ndi Intel. Kwa Apple, kamangidwe ka ARM kangakhale kopindulitsa kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo makina ocheperako komanso opepuka, owoneka bwino, komanso ukadaulo wa bigLITTLE, ngakhale ndi ma cores ambiri, batire imatha nthawi yayitali. Itha kugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi take zomwezo pama iPhones, iPads, Macs, Apple TV, ndi china chilichonse chomwe chilipo pano.
Makamaka kuti athe kukhathamiritsa bwino kwambiri akamathamanga pa HW yosiyana.