Tsekani malonda

IPhone yoyamba itawonekera ku Macworld mu 2007, owonera anali ndi mantha ndipo phokoso la "wow" limamveka mchipinda chonsecho. Mutu watsopano wa mafoni a m'manja unayamba kulembedwa tsiku limenelo, ndipo kusintha komwe kunachitika tsiku limenelo kunasintha nkhope ya msika wa mafoni mpaka kalekale. Koma mpaka pamenepo, iPhone yadutsa munjira yaminga ndipo tikufuna kugawana nanu nkhaniyi.

Zonse zidayamba mu 2002, atangotulutsa koyamba iPod. Ngakhale kalelo, Steve Jobs anali kuganiza za lingaliro la foni yam'manja. Anaona anthu ambiri atanyamula mafoni awo, BlackBerry ndi MP3 osewera payokha. Kupatula apo, ambiri aiwo angakonde kukhala ndi chilichonse mu chipangizo chimodzi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, adadziwa kuti mafoni aliwonse omwe angakhalenso oimba nyimbo amatha kupikisana ndi iPod yake, choncho sanakayikire kuti amayenera kulowa msika wam'manja.

Komabe, panthaŵiyo, zopinga zambiri zinamulepheretsa. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti foniyo inali yoti ikhale yoposa chipangizo chokhala ndi MP3 player. Iyeneranso kukhala foni yam'manja yapaintaneti, koma maukonde panthawiyo anali okonzeka kuchita izi. Chopinga china chinali makina opangira opaleshoni. The iPod Os sanali wotsogola mokwanira kuti agwire ntchito zina zambiri za foni, pamene Mac Os inali yovuta kwambiri kuti chipangizo cham'manja chigwire. Kuphatikiza apo, Apple idzakumana ndi mpikisano wamphamvu kuchokera ku Palm Treo 600 ndi mafoni otchuka a RIM a BlackBerry.

Komabe, chopinga chachikulu chinali oyendetsa okhawo. Adanenanso za msika wam'manja ndipo mafoni adapangidwa kuti ayitanitsa. Palibe opanga omwe anali ndi mwayi wopanga mafoni omwe Apple amafunikira. Othandizira amawona mafoni ngati zida zomwe anthu amatha kulumikizana ndi netiweki yawo.

Mu 2004, malonda a iPod adafikira gawo la 16%, chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri kwa Apple. Nthawi yomweyo, komabe, Jobs adakhala pachiwopsezo kuchokera ku mafoni ochulukirachulukira omwe amagwira ntchito pamaneti othamanga a 3G. Mafoni okhala ndi gawo la WiFi adawonekera posachedwa, ndipo mitengo ya ma disks osungira inali kutsika mosalekeza. Ulamuliro wam'mbuyo wa ma iPod ukhoza kuwopsezedwa ndi mafoni ophatikizidwa ndi chosewerera cha MP3. Steve Jobs adayenera kuchitapo kanthu.

Ngakhale m'chilimwe cha 2004 Jobs anakana poyera kuti akugwira ntchito pa foni yam'manja, adagwirizana ndi Motorola kuti athetse vuto la onyamula katundu. Mtsogoleri wamkulu panthawiyo anali Ed Zander, yemwe kale anali Sun Microsystems. Inde, Zander yemweyo pafupifupi anagula Apple zaka zapitazo. Panthawiyo, Motorola inali ndi chidziwitso chambiri pakupanga mafoni ndipo koposa zonse inali ndi mtundu wa RAZR wopambana kwambiri, womwe umatchedwa "Razor". Steve Jobs adapangana ndi Zandler, pomwe Apple ikupanga pulogalamu yanyimbo pomwe Motorola ndi chonyamulira panthawiyo, Cingular (tsopano AT&T), adagwirizana zaukadaulo wa chipangizocho.

Koma momwe zinakhalira, mgwirizano wa makampani atatu akuluakulu sikunali chisankho choyenera. Apple, Motorola, ndi Cingular zakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kuvomereza pafupifupi chilichonse. Kuyambira momwe nyimbo zidzalembedwera ku foni, momwe zidzasungidwe, ndi momwe ma logos amakampani onse atatu adzasonyezedwera pafoni. Koma vuto lalikulu ndi foni inali maonekedwe ake - inali yonyansa kwenikweni. Foni idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembara 2005 pansi pa dzina la ROKR ndi mawu am'munsi a iTunes foni, koma idakhala fiasco yayikulu. Ogwiritsa ntchito adadandaula za kukumbukira kwakung'ono, komwe kumangokhala ndi nyimbo za 100, ndipo posakhalitsa ROKR inakhala chizindikiro cha chirichonse choipa chomwe makampani oyendetsa mafoni amaimira panthawiyo.

Koma theka la chaka chisanachitike, Steve Jobs adadziwa kuti njira yopita ku kutchuka kwa mafoni sikudutsa Motorola, kotero mu February 2005 anayamba kukumana mwachinsinsi ndi oimira Cingular, omwe pambuyo pake adapezedwa ndi AT&T. Jobs adalankhula momveka bwino kwa akuluakulu a Cingular panthawiyo: "Tili ndi ukadaulo wopanga china chake chomwe chidzakhala chopepuka patsogolo pa ena." Apple inali yokonzeka kumaliza mgwirizano wazaka zambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ikukonzekera kubwereka mafoni am'manja ndikukhala odziyimira pawokha.

Panthawiyo, Apple anali kale ndi zochitika zambiri ndi zowonetsera, atakhala kale akugwira ntchito pakompyuta ya piritsi kwa chaka chimodzi, chomwe chinali cholinga cha kampaniyo. Komabe, sinali nthawi yoyenera yamapiritsi, ndipo Apple idakonda kuyang'ananso foni yaying'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, chip pa zomanga zidayambitsidwa panthawiyo ARM11, zomwe zingapereke mphamvu zokwanira foni yomwe imayeneranso kukhala chipangizo cha intaneti chonyamulika ndi iPod. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akhoza kutsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwachangu komanso kopanda mavuto kwa dongosolo lonse la opaleshoni.

Stan Sigman, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa Cingular, adakonda lingaliro la Jobs. Panthawiyo, kampani yake ikuyesera kukankhira mapulani a makasitomala a makasitomala, ndipo pokhala ndi intaneti ndi kugula nyimbo mwachindunji kuchokera pa foni, lingaliro la Apple linkawoneka ngati lofunika kwambiri pa njira yatsopano. Komabe, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amayenera kusintha ndondomeko yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kale, yomwe idapindula makamaka ndi makontrakitala azaka zingapo ndi mphindi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafoni. Koma kugulitsa mafoni otsika mtengo, omwe amayenera kukopa makasitomala atsopano komanso amakono, pang'onopang'ono anasiya kugwira ntchito.

Steve Jobs anachita zomwe sizinachitikepo panthawiyo. Anatha kupeza ufulu ndi ufulu wathunthu pakupanga foni yokhayokha posinthanitsa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mitengo ya data ndi lonjezo la kudzipatula komanso kugonana komwe wopanga iPod anapereka. Kuphatikiza apo, Cingular anali kupereka chakhumi pa malonda aliwonse a iPhone komanso bilu iliyonse ya mwezi uliwonse ya kasitomala amene adagula iPhone. Pakadali pano, palibe wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe walola chilichonse chofananacho, chomwe ngakhale Steve Jobs mwiniwake adachiwona pazokambirana zosachita bwino ndi Verizon. Komabe, Stan Singman amayenera kukopa gulu lonse la Cingular kuti lisayine mgwirizano wachilendowu ndi Jobs. Zokambiranazo zinatha pafupifupi chaka.

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Chitsime: Wired.com
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