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Nkhondo ya patent ikuyaka. Apple ndi Microsoft akusumira Google

Filip Novotny
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"Ndine wokonzeka kuyambitsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya chifukwa cha Android," adatero Steve Jobs zaka zingapo zapitazo. Mikangano ya Apple ndi Google, komanso kuwonjezera Android, inali yakhanda ndipo sizinatengere nthawi kuti mlandu woyamba wamilandu uwoneke. M'modzi wotchuka kwambiri, khothi linalamula Samsung kulipira Apple ndalama zoposa biliyoni imodzi. Panthawiyi, Tim Cook adadziwikiratu kuti sakufuna kupitiriza nkhondo yowopsya, koma pakadali pano zikuwoneka mosiyana. Kampani yaku California yagwirizana ndi Microsoft, Sony, BlackBerry et al. ndipo kudzera mu Rockstar ikusumira Google ndi angapo opanga mafoni a Android.

Zonsezi zinayamba ndi kugwa kwa kampani yaikulu. Kampani yaku Canada ya Nortel idasowa ndalama mu 2009 ndipo idakakamizika kugulitsa katundu wake wamtengo wapatali - ma patent opitilira 6 aukadaulo. Zomwe zili m'gululi zidaphatikizanso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pamanetiweki a 000G, kulumikizana kwa VoIP, kapangidwe ka semiconductor ndi injini zosakira pa intaneti. Chifukwa chake, mabungwe angapo aukadaulo adayesa kupeza ma patent omwe Nortel adagulitsa.

Komabe, ena a iwo akuoneka kuti anapeputsa mkhalidwewo. Momwe mungafotokozerenso kuti Google "yoseketsa" masamu ndi kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi kangapo pamsika? Kuchokera pa $1 (zokhazikika za Bruno) kufika pa $902 (Meissel-Mertens constant) kufika pa $160 biliyoni (π). Google pang'onopang'ono inafika pa $ 540 biliyoni, zomwe, komabe, sizinali zokwanira kupeza ma patent.

Iwo adalandidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi mwa biliyoni ndi bungwe lotchedwa Rockstar Consortium. Ili ndi gulu lamakampani akuluakulu monga Apple, Microsoft, Sony, BlackBerry kapena Ericsson, omwe ali ndi cholinga chimodzi - kukhala wotsutsana ndi chipika chozungulira nsanja ya Android. Mamembala a consortium ankadziwa kufunika kwa ma patent omwe anapatsidwa, choncho sanazengereze kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Zotsatira zake, zitha kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa madola mabiliyoni 4,5 omwe atchulidwa.

Komano, Google, idapeputsa kuzama kwa zomwe zikuchitika ndipo idapereka ndalama zochepa kwambiri pazovomerezeka, ngakhale kuti ndalama sizingakhale zovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, chimphona chotsatsa chinazindikira cholakwika chake chachikulu ndipo chinayamba kusokoneza. Komabe, kukayikira za Nortel kunamuwonongera ndalama zambiri. Larry Page adaganiza zoyankha mwayi wa Rockstar pogula Motorola Mobility kwa $ 12,5 biliyoni. Kenako pakampaniyo blog adanena: "Makampani ngati Microsoft ndi Apple amalumikizana kuti ayambitse ziwonetsero za patent pa Android." Kupeza kwa Motorola kumayenera kuteteza Google ku izi "zopanda chilungamo".

Zikuwoneka ngati kusuntha kovutirapo, koma kunali kofunikira (kupatulapo njira ina yabwinoko itapezeka). Rockstar Consortium idasumira mlandu Asustek, HTC, Huawei, LG Electronics, Pantech, Samsung, ZTE ndi Google pa Halloween. Idzakambidwa ndi khothi la Eastern District of Texas, lomwe lakhala likukomera odandaula pankhani za patent.

Nthawi yomweyo, Rockstar idzagwiritsa ntchito ma patent asanu ndi limodzi okhudzana ndikusaka pa intaneti motsutsana ndi Google. Akale kwambiri a iwo ndi a 1997 ndipo akufotokoza za "makina otsatsa omwe amapereka zotsatsa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kufunafuna zidziwitso zina mkati mwa netiweki ya data." Ili ndi vuto lalikulu kwa Google - osachepera 95% ya ndalama zake zimachokera ku malonda. Ndipo chachiwiri, Google idakhazikitsidwa mu 1998.

Ena oimira atolankhani ndi akatswiri a anthu amawona mamembala a Rockstar consortium ngati adani aukali pamsika waulere, omwe sadzaphonya mwayi umodzi woukira Android. "Apple ndi Microsoft akuyenera kuchita manyazi ndi iwo okha, kulembetsa kuukira kopanda manyazi ndi patent troll - zonyansa." iye tweets David Heinemeier Hansson (wopanga Ruby on Rails). "Apple ndi Microsoft atalephera kuchita bwino pamsika, akuyesera kulimbana ndi mpikisano kukhothi," adatero. amalemba mosasankha VentureBeat. "Zikuyenda bwino pamabizinesi," kufotokoza mwachidule Nkhani ya Ars Technica.

Mafunso awiri ndi okwanira kuyankha kutsutsa uku.

Choyamba, kodi Google ikanachita chiyani ndi zida zapamatenti zomwe zidangopezedwa kumene zikadapanda kupeputsa malonda ofunikirawo? Ndizovuta kukhulupirira kuti sangayese kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti awononge adani ake. Izi n’zimene wakhala akuyesetsa kucita kwa nthawi yaitali onani milandu motsutsana ndi Apple padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Germany, mwachitsanzo, Motorola (ndi chifukwa chake Google) idachita bwino kuletsa makasitomala a Apple kuti asagwiritse ntchito zina za iCloud service kwa miyezi 18. Ngakhale kuletsa uku sikukugwiranso ntchito, mikangano yamalamulo ndi Apple ndi Microsoft ikupitilira.

Chachiwiri, tinganene bwanji kuti ma patent ndi oyipa m'manja mwa Apple? Ndi bwino bwanji zikusonyeza John Gruber, sizinganenedwe kuti Google yachita mwachitsanzo mwanjira ina iliyonse ngati mbali ina pamkangano wa patent. Mu Seputembala, adayeneranso kugwirizana ndi mlandu wotsutsana ndi Microsoft kulipira chindapusa cha 14,5 miliyoni dollars chifukwa chogwiritsa nkhanza zomwe zimatchedwa ma patent a FRAND. Awa ndi matekinoloje ofunikira komanso ofunikira pakukula kwa msika kotero kuti makampani aukadaulo amayenera kuwapatsa chilolezo mwachilungamo kwa ena. Google inakana izi ndipo inafuna ndalama zosavomerezeka za 2,25% za malonda (pafupifupi madola mabiliyoni a 4 pachaka) popereka chilolezo cha Xbox. Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kugwira ntchito poganiza kuti Google si yaukali ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yolondola.

Otsutsa ma patent aukadaulo anganene kuti machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano polimbana ndi mpikisano sizolondola ndipo ayenera kusiyidwa. Angafune kuthetsa kuzenga milandu kwautali. Koma ayenera kuchita zimenezi mopanda tsankho, osati mwachisawawa. Makampani akuluakulu nthawi zonse amapita momwe msika ungawalolere - kukhala Apple, Microsoft kapena Google. Ngati anthu avomereza kuti kusintha kukufunika, kuyenera kukhala kwadongosolo.

Chitsime: ana asukulu Technica, VentureBeat, Kulimbana ndi Fireball
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