Ondrej Holzman Pambuyo pa masabata awiri a mlandu ku Oakland, California, ngati Apple inavulaza ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kusintha kwa iTunes ndi iPods, oweruza asanu ndi atatu tsopano ali m'njira. Anamva zomaliza za mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo ayenera kusankha m'masiku otsatira zomwe zidachitika m'makampani oimba pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo. Ngati ingasankhe motsutsana ndi Apple, kampani ya apulo ikhoza kulipira mpaka madola biliyoni imodzi.
Otsutsawo (ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 8 miliyoni omwe adagula iPod pakati pa September 12, 2006 ndi March 31, 2009, ndi mazana a ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu) akufunafuna $ 350 miliyoni zowonongeka kuchokera ku Apple, koma ndalamazo zikhoza kuwirikiza katatu chifukwa cha malamulo osakhulupirira. M'mawu awo omaliza, otsutsawo adanena kuti iTunes 7.0, yomwe inatulutsidwa mu September 2006, cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa mpikisano pamasewera. iTunes 7.0 idabwera ndi njira yachitetezo yomwe idachotsa zonse mulaibulale popanda chitetezo cha FairPlay.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, izi zidatsatiridwa ndi kusinthidwa kwa mapulogalamu a iPods, omwe adayambitsanso chitetezo chomwecho pa iwo, chomwe chinali ndi zotsatira zake kuti sikutheka kusewera nyimbo ndi DRM osiyana pa osewera a Apple, kotero kuti ogulitsa nyimbo opikisana anali nawo. palibe mwayi wopita ku Apple ecosystem.
Malinga ndi otsutsawo, Apple idavulaza ogwiritsa ntchito
Loya wa otsutsawo, a Patrick Coughlin, adati pulogalamu yatsopanoyi ikadafafaniza laibulale yonse ya ogwiritsa ntchito pa ma iPods ikazindikira kuti pali zosagwirizana ndi nyimbo zojambulidwa, monga nyimbo zotsitsidwa kwina. "Ndikufananiza ndi kuwomba iPod. Zinali zoipa kuposa zolemera mapepala. Mutha kutaya chilichonse, "adauza a jury.
“Sakhulupirira kuti muli ndi iPod imeneyo. Amakhulupirira kuti akadali ndi ufulu wakukusankhirani wosewera yemwe azipezeka pazida zanu zomwe mudagula komanso kukhala nazo," Couglin adalongosola, ndikuwonjezera kuti Apple amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi ufulu "wonyozetsa zomwe mumamva panyimbo yomwe tsiku lina mutha kuyimba. sewera ndipo tsiku lotsatira osati kachiwiri" pamene izo zinalepheretsa nyimbo zogulidwa m'masitolo ena kuti zilowe mu iTunes.
Komabe, sanadikire motalika kwambiri kuti Apple achitepo kanthu. "Zonse zapangidwa," adatero Bill Isaacson wa Apple m'mawu ake omaliza. "Palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti izi zidachitikapo ... palibe makasitomala, ogwiritsa ntchito iPod, palibe kafukufuku, palibe zolemba zamalonda za Apple."
Apple: Zochita zathu sizinali zotsutsana ndi mpikisano
Kwa masabata awiri apitawa, Apple yakana zomwe milanduyo idatsutsa, ponena kuti idasintha machitidwe ake otetezera makamaka pazifukwa ziwiri: choyamba, chifukwa cha obera omwe amayesa kuswa DRM yake. ku hack,ndi chifukwa Ine ndikuchita, yomwe Apple anali nayo ndi makampani ojambulira. Chifukwa cha iwo, adayenera kutsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira ndikukonza dzenje lililonse lachitetezo nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa sakanatha kutaya mnzake.
Otsutsawo sagwirizana ndi kutanthauzira kwa zochitikazi ndipo amanena kuti Apple ankangogwiritsa ntchito malo ake apamwamba pamsika omwe sankafuna kulola mpikisano uliwonse womwe ungakhalepo, motero amalepheretsa mwayi wake ku chilengedwe chake. "Pamene anali kuchita bwino, adatseka iPod kapena kuletsa mpikisano wina. Atha kugwiritsa ntchito DRM kuchita izi, "adatero Coughlin.
Mwachitsanzo, otsutsawo adatchula Real Networks makamaka, koma sali mbali ya milandu ya khoti ndipo palibe mmodzi mwa oimira awo adachitira umboni. Mapulogalamu awo a Harmony adawonekera atangokhazikitsidwa kumene iTunes Music Store mu 2003 ndipo anayesa kudutsa FairPlay DRM pochita ngati njira ina ya iTunes momwe ma iPod amatha kuyendetsedwa. Otsutsa pankhaniyi akuwonetsa kuti Apple inkafuna kuti ikhale yokhayokha ndi FairPlay yake pomwe Steve Jobs adakana kupereka chilolezo pachitetezo chake. Apple idawona kuyesayesa kwa Real Networks kunyalanyaza chitetezo chake ngati kuwukira makina ake ndipo adayankha moyenerera.
Maloya a kampani ya ku California yotchedwa Real Networks "opikisana nawo ang'onoang'ono" ndipo m'mbuyomu adauza oweruza kuti Real Networks otsitsa amatsitsa nyimbo zosakwana 1 peresenti ya nyimbo zomwe zidagulidwa m'masitolo apaintaneti panthawiyo. Pakuchita komaliza, adakumbutsa oweruza kuti ngakhale katswiri wa Real Networks adavomereza kuti mapulogalamu awo anali oyipa kwambiri kotero kuti amatha kuwononga playlist kapena kuchotsa nyimbo.
Tsopano ndi nthawi ya oweruza
Oweruza tsopano apatsidwa udindo wosankha ngati zosintha zomwe zatchulidwazi za iTunes 7.0 zitha kuonedwa ngati "kusintha kwazinthu zenizeni" zomwe zidabweretsa chidziwitso chabwinoko kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, kapena ngati cholinga chake chinali kuvulaza mwadongosolo omwe akupikisana nawo motero ogwiritsa ntchito. Apple imadzitamandira kuti iTunes 7.0 inabweretsa chithandizo cha mafilimu, mavidiyo otanthauzira apamwamba, Cover Flow ndi nkhani zina, koma malinga ndi odandaulawo, makamaka zinali zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa chitetezo, chomwe chinali chobwerera kumbuyo.
Pansi pa Sherman Antitrust Act, zomwe zimatchedwa "kusintha kwazinthu zenizeni" sizingaganizidwe ngati zotsutsana ndi mpikisano ngakhale zitasokoneza malonda omwe akupikisana nawo. "Kampani ilibe ntchito yovomerezeka yothandiza omwe akupikisana nawo, sikuyenera kupanga zinthu zomwe zingagwirizane, kuwapatsa chilolezo kwa omwe akupikisana nawo kapena kugawana nawo zambiri," Woweruza Yvonne Rogers adalangiza oweruza.
Oweruza tsopano akuyenera kuyankha makamaka mafunso otsatirawa: Kodi Apple inalidi ndi mphamvu pabizinesi yanyimbo za digito? Kodi Apple idadziteteza ku zigawenga ndikuchita izi ngati gawo losunga mgwirizano ndi anzawo, kapena kodi FairPlay idagwiritsa ntchito DRM ngati chida cholimbana ndi mpikisano? Kodi mitengo ya iPod idakwera chifukwa cha njira yomwe akuti "yotsekera"? Ngakhale mtengo wapamwamba wa ma iPods udatchulidwa ndi otsutsa ngati chimodzi mwazotsatira za khalidwe la Apple.
Dongosolo lachitetezo la DRM silikugwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku ano, ndipo mutha kusewera nyimbo kuchokera ku iTunes pa osewera aliwonse. Zomwe khoti lamilandu lamilandu limangokhudza kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama zomwe zingatheke, chigamulo cha oweruza asanu ndi atatu, chomwe chikuyembekezeka m'masiku akubwerawa, sichidzakhala ndi zotsatirapo pa msika wamakono.
Mungapeze nkhani yonse ya mlanduwo apa.
