Tsekani malonda
Nkhani

Mac opanda mawindo - Chiyambi cha nkhaniyi

Peter Šourek
17

Pantchito yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, timafunikira mapulogalamu ena omwe amatithandiza pantchito yathu komanso zosangalatsa zathu. Komabe, ngati tikufuna kusintha makina ena ogwiritsira ntchito, vuto limakhalapo. Mapulogalamu omwe timagwiritsa ntchito mwina sapezeka. Takonza nkhani zofotokoza nkhani imeneyi. Tikukhulupirira kuti zidzakuthandizani posintha makina ogwiritsira ntchito komanso poyang'ana mapulogalamu atsopano a ntchito yanu yatsiku ndi tsiku.

M'nkhani yoyamba ya mndandanda, tiyeni tiwone zomwe tingasankhe m'malo mwa Mac OS. Poyamba, zingakhale bwino kunena kuti Mac OS ndi dongosolo lomangidwa pamaziko a NextSTEP ndi BSD, ndiko kuti, pamaziko a Unix system. Ma Mac oyambirira omwe ali ndi OS X adathamanga pa zomangamanga za PowerPC, kumene kunali kotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokhazokha (Virtual PC 7, Bochs, Guest PC, iEmulator, etc.). Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale Virtual PC idagwira ntchito mwachangu, kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse pamakina osaphatikizidwa ndi OS X kuyenera kukhala kovutirapo. Panalinso kuyesa kuphatikiza pulojekiti ya Wine ndi QEMU (Darwin) kuti igwiritse ntchito mapulogalamu a MS Windows pa Mac OS, koma izi sizinagwire ntchito monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa ndipo zidathetsedwa.

Koma pamene Apple adalengeza za kusintha kwa kamangidwe ka x86, mawonekedwe ake anali atayamba kale. Sikuti MS Windows ikhoza kuyendetsedwa mwachibadwa, komanso Vinyo akhoza kupangidwanso. Mbiri ya zida za virtualization yakulanso, zomwe zachititsa, mwachitsanzo, MS kusiya kuthandizira chida chake cha Virtual PC cha OS X. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, makampani pawokha akhala akupikisana kuti makina awo enieni adzathamanga bwanji kapena momwe akuphatikizidwa bwino. chilengedwe OS X etc.

Lero tili ndi njira zingapo zosinthira mapulogalamu kuchokera ku Windows kupita ku Mac OS.

  • Kukhazikitsidwa kwachilengedwe kwa MS Windows
  • Kupeza cholowa m'malo Mac OS
  • Ndi virtualization
  • API Yomasulira (Vinyo)
  • Kumasulira kwa ntchito kwa Mac Os.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwachilengedwe kwa MS Windows

Mawindo akhoza kuyambitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito otchedwa DualBoot, kutanthauza kuti Mac athu akuthamanga kaya Mac Os kapena Windows. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti Windows imagwiritsa ntchito HW ya Mac yanu. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zonse timayenera kuyambitsanso kompyuta, zomwe zimakhala zovuta. Tiyeneranso kukhala ndi layisensi yathu ya MS Windows, yomwe si yotsika mtengo kwenikweni. Ndikokwanira kugula mtundu wa OEM, womwe umawononga pafupifupi 3 zikwi, koma ngati mukufuna kuyendetsa mazenera omwewo mu makina enieni kuchokera ku BootCamp parcel, mumakumana ndi vuto ndi mgwirizano wa chilolezo (gwero: Microsoft hotline). Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito BootCamp ndi virtualization, muyenera mtundu wathunthu wamabokosi. Ngati simukufuna virtualization, chilolezo cha OEM ndichokwanira.

Kuyang'ana njira ina kwa Mac Os

Mapulogalamu ambiri ali ndi malo awo. Zina ndi zabwino ndi magwiridwe antchito, zina zoyipa. Tsoka ilo, zimabwera makamaka ku zizolowezi za ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akugwira ntchito ndi Microsoft Office, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto losinthira ku OpenOffice ndi mosemphanitsa. Ubwino wa njira ina mosakayikira kuti inalembedwa mwachindunji Mac Os ndi chilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, njira zazifupi zonse za kiyibodi zomwe tidazolowera komanso mfundo zowongolera dongosololi zimagwira ntchito.

Virtualization

Virtualization ikuyendetsa Windows m'malo a Mac OS, kotero mapulogalamu onse amayenda mokhazikika mu Windows, koma chifukwa cha zosankha zamasiku ano, mothandizidwa ndi kuphatikiza ku Mac OS. Wogwiritsa ntchito akuyamba Windows kumbuyo, amayendetsa pulogalamu, yomwe imayendetsa mu Mac OS GUI. Pali mapulogalamu angapo pamsika lero chifukwa cha izi. Zina mwazodziwika bwino ndi izi:

  • Parallels desktop
  • Kuphatikizika kwa VMware
  • Virtualbox
  • QEMU
  • Bochs.

Ubwino wake ndikuti mapulogalamu aliwonse omwe tagula a Windows aziyenda motere. Choyipa ndichakuti tiyenera kugula layisensi ya Windows ndi chida cha Virtualization. Virtualization imatha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, koma izi zimatengera kompyuta yomwe tikuchita (zolemba za mlembi: palibe vuto ndi liwiro logwira ntchito ndi Windows pa MacBook Pro yanga yazaka ziwiri).

Kumasulira kwa API

Osadandaula, sindikufuna kukulemetsani ndi chiganizo chosamvetsetseka. Pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chobisika pansi pa mutuwu. Mawindo amagwiritsa ntchito mafoni apadera a machitidwe (APIs) kuti alankhule ndi hardware, ndipo pa Mac OS pali pulogalamu yomwe imatha kumasulira ma APIwa kuti OS X amvetse. Akatswiri mwina angandikhululukire, koma iyi ndi nkhani ya ogwiritsa ntchito, osati ya akatswiri. Pansi pa Mac OS, mapulogalamu atatu amachita izi:

  • Vinyo
  • Crossover-Vinyo
  • Crossover

Vinyo amangopezeka kuchokera pamafayilo oyambira ndipo amatha kupangidwa kudzera pa projekiti Macports. Komanso, zitha kuwoneka kuti Crossover-Wine ndi yofanana ndi Crossover, koma sizili choncho. Olimba CodeWeavers, yomwe imapanga Crossover ndalama, imachokera ku polojekiti ya Wine, koma imagwiritsa ntchito code yake kuti ibwererenso kuti igwirizane ndi mapulogalamu. Izi zimayikidwa mu phukusi la Crossover-Wine ku MacPorts, lomwe limapezekanso pomasulira ma code source. Crossover ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapulogalamu apawokha ndipo ili ndi GUI yake, zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kuti muyike mapulogalamu amtundu uliwonse ndi kudalira kwawo, zomwe mapaketi awiri am'mbuyomu alibe. Mutha kupeza mwachindunji patsamba la CodeWeavers zomwe mapulogalamu amatha kuyendetsedwa pamenepo. Choyipa ndichakuti ntchito zina kuposa zomwe zalembedwa ndi CodeWeavers zitha kuyendetsedwa pamenepo, koma ziyenera kutha kukonza projekiti ya Vinyo.

Kumasulira kwa ntchito kwa Mac Os

Monga ndanenera m'ndime yapitayi. Mapulogalamu ena, makamaka ochokera kugulu la Open Source, mwina alibe phukusi la binary la Mac OS, koma amasungidwa m'mafayilo oyambira. Kuti ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito wamba azitha kumasulira mapulogalamuwa kukhala boma la binary, pulojekiti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito Macports. Ndi dongosolo la phukusi lomangidwa pa mfundo zamadoko odziwika kuchokera ku BSD. Ikakhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwanso database ya doko, imayendetsedwa kudzera pamzere wolamula. Palinso mtundu wazithunzi, Project Fink. Tsoka ilo, matembenuzidwe ake amapulogalamu siatsopano ndipo chifukwa chake sindimalimbikitsa.

Ndidayesa kufotokoza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito Windows pa Mac OS. Kuchokera ku gawo lotsatira, tidzakambirana za madera enieni ogwirira ntchito ndi makompyuta ndi njira zina zopangira mapulogalamu ochokera ku MS Windows chilengedwe. Mu gawo lotsatira, tikhala ndi cholinga chofunsira ma ofesi.

Zida: wikipedia.org, winehq.org
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