Tsekani malonda

Patha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera pamene Steve Jobs adavumbulutsa iPhone pa siteji pamaso pa omvera, foni yam'manja yomwe inasintha makampani onse ndikuyamba kusintha kwa smartphone. Ochita nawo mpikisano adachita mosiyana ndi foni yomwe idangotulutsidwa kumene, koma zomwe adachita komanso kuyankha mwachangu zomwe zidatsimikizira tsogolo lawo zaka zikubwerazi. Steve Ballmer adaseka pa iPhone ndikuwonetsa njira yake ndi Windows Mobile. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, dongosolo lonselo linadulidwa ndipo ndi Windows Phone 8 yamakono, ili ndi gawo la ochepa peresenti.

Poyamba, Nokia ananyalanyaza kwathunthu iPhone ndipo anayesa kupitiriza kukankhira Symbian ake ndipo kenako Baibulo kukhudza-wochezeka. Sitoloyo pamapeto pake idatsika, kampaniyo idasinthira Windows Phone, ndipo pamapeto pake idagulitsa magawo ake onse am'manja ku Microsoft pamtengo wochepera zomwe idagula kale. Blackberry adatha kuyankha mokwanira koyambirira kwa chaka chatha, ndipo kampaniyo pakadali pano yatsala pang'ono kugwa ndipo sakudziwa chochita nayo yokha. Palm adachita mwachangu kwambiri ndipo adakwanitsa kubweretsa WebOS, yomwe imayamikiridwabe mpaka pano, komanso foni ya Palm Pré, komabe, chifukwa cha ogwira ntchito ku America komanso mavuto ndi ogulitsa zida, kampaniyo idagulitsidwa kwa HP, yomwe idayikidwa m'manda. WebOS yonse, ndipo dongosololi tsopano limakumbukira kuthekera kwake koyambirira kokha pa zowonetsera zanzeru za TV LG.

Google idakwanitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kwambiri ndi makina ake ogwiritsira ntchito a Android, omwe adafika ngati T-Mobile G1 / HTC Dream pasanathe chaka ndi theka iPhone itagulitsidwa. Komabe, inali njira yayitali ku mawonekedwe a Android, omwe Google adawonetsa panthawiyo, komanso chifukwa cha bukuli Dogfight: Momwe Apple ndi Google Anayendera Kunkhondo Ndikuyamba Kusintha tingaphunzirenso kanthu kena mseri.

Mu 2005, zinthu zozungulira mafoni a m'manja ndi ogwira ntchito zinali zosiyana kwambiri. Oligopoly yamakampani ochepa omwe amawongolera ma netiweki am'manja adalamula msika wonse, ndipo mafoni adapangidwa motsatira malamulo a ogwiritsa ntchito. Sanangoyang'anira mbali za hardware zokha komanso mapulogalamu ndikupereka ntchito zawo pa sandbox yawo yokha. Kuyesera kupanga mapulogalamu aliwonse kunali kowononga ndalama chifukwa panalibe muyezo pakati pa mafoni. Symbian yekha ndiye anali ndi mitundu ingapo yosagwirizana.

Panthawiyo, Google inkafuna kukankhira kusaka kwake mu mafoni am'manja, ndipo kuti izi zitheke, idayenera kulumikizana chilichonse kudzera mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda nyimbo zamafoni zomwe adadzigulitsa posaka, ndipo zotsatira za Google zidangowonetsedwa m'malo omaliza. Kuphatikiza apo, kampani ya Mountain View idakumana ndi vuto lina, ndipo chimenecho chinali Microsoft.

Windows CE yake, yomwe panthawiyo inkadziwika kuti Windows Mobile, idayamba kutchuka (ngakhale mbiri yawo nthawi zonse inali yochepera 10 peresenti), ndipo Microsoft panthawiyo idayamba kulimbikitsa ntchito yake yofufuzira, yomwe pambuyo pake idasandulika kukhala Bing yamasiku ano. Google ndi Microsoft anali otsutsana kale panthawiyo, ndipo ngati, ndi kutchuka kwa Microsoft, adakankhira kufufuza kwawo mopanda ndalama za Google ndipo sanaperekepo ngati njira, pangakhale chiwopsezo chenicheni kuti kampaniyo ingayambe pang'onopang'ono. kutaya gwero lake lokha la ndalama panthawiyo, zomwe zinachokera ku malonda muzotsatira zakusaka . Osachepera ndi zomwe akuluakulu a Google adaganiza. Mofananamo, Microsoft idapha kwathunthu Netscape ndi Internet Explorer.

Google idadziwa kuti kuti ipulumuke m'nthawi yamafoni, idzafunika zambiri kuposa kungophatikiza kusaka ndi pulogalamu yake kuti ipeze ntchito zake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mu 2005 adagula pulogalamu ya Android yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Andy Rubin yemwe anali wogwira ntchito ku Apple. Dongosolo la Rubin linali lopanga makina otsegulira mafoni omwe opanga zida zilizonse atha kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere pazida zawo, mosiyana ndi Windows CE yovomerezeka. Google adakonda masomphenyawa ndipo atapeza adasankha Rubin kukhala mutu wa chitukuko cha opaleshoni, yemwe dzina lake lidasunga.

Android imayenera kukhala yosintha m'njira zambiri, mwanjira zina zosintha kwambiri kuposa iPhone yomwe Apple idayambitsa. Zinali ndi kuphatikiza kwa mautumiki otchuka a Google, kuphatikizapo mapu ndi YouTube, akhoza kukhala ndi mapulogalamu angapo otsegulidwa nthawi imodzi, anali ndi msakatuli wathunthu wa intaneti, ndipo amayeneranso kukhala ndi sitolo yapakati yokhala ndi mafoni.

Komabe, mawonekedwe a hardware a mafoni a Android panthawiyo amayenera kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mafoni otchuka kwambiri panthawiyo anali zida za BlackBerry, potsatira chitsanzo chawo, chojambula choyamba cha Android, codenamed Posakhalitsa, chinali ndi kiyibodi ya hardware ndi mawonekedwe osakhudza.

Pa Januware 9, 2007, Andy Rubin anali paulendo wopita ku Las Vegas pagalimoto kukakumana ndi opanga zida ndi zonyamulira. Paulendowu Steve Jobs adawulula tikiti yake kumsika wamafoni am'manja, omwe pambuyo pake adapanga Apple kukhala kampani yamtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi. Rubin anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi seweroli moti anaimitsa galimoto kuti aonere nkhani yonse. Ndipamene anauza anzake omwe anali m’galimotomo kuti: “Shit, mwina sitidzatsegula foni imeneyi [Posachedwapa].

Ngakhale kuti Android inali yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa iPhone yoyamba, Rubin adadziwa kuti ayenera kuganiziranso lingaliro lonselo. Ndi Android, idatchova juga pazomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakonda mafoni a BlackBerry - kuphatikiza kiyibodi yabwino kwambiri, imelo, ndi foni yolimba. Koma Apple yasintha kwathunthu malamulo amasewera. M'malo mwa kiyibodi ya hardware, adapereka pafupifupi, zomwe, ngakhale sizinali zolondola komanso zachangu, sizinatenge theka la chiwonetserocho nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe okhudza zonse okhala ndi batani limodzi la hardware kutsogolo pansi pa chiwonetsero, pulogalamu iliyonse ikhoza kukhala ndi zowongolera ngati pakufunika. Komanso, Posakhalitsa anali wonyansa kuyambira iPhone yodabwitsa, yomwe imayenera kulipidwa ndi Android yosintha.

Izi zinali zomwe Rubin ndi gulu lake ankaziona ngati zoopsa panthawiyo. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu pamalingaliro, Posachedwa idathetsedwa ndipo chithunzi chodziwika bwino chotchedwa Dream, chomwe chinali ndi chophimba chokhudza, chinawonekera. Chowonetseracho chinaimitsidwa mpaka kugwa kwa 2008. Pachitukuko chake, akatswiri a Google adayang'ana pa chirichonse chimene iPhone sakanatha kuchita kuti asiyanitse Maloto mokwanira. Kupatula apo, mwachitsanzo, amawonabe kusakhalapo kwa kiyibodi ya hardware kukhala chosowa, chifukwa chake foni yoyamba ya Android, T-Mobile G1, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti HTC Dream, inali ndi gawo la slide ndikulemba. makiyi ndi gudumu laling'ono la mpukutu.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa iPhone, nthawi idayima pa Google. Ntchito yobisika kwambiri komanso yolakalaka kwambiri ku Google, yomwe ambiri adakhala maola 60-80 pa sabata kwa zaka zopitilira ziwiri, idasokonekera m'mawa womwewo. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yogwira ntchito ndi ma prototypes, omwe amayenera kupangitsa kuti chomaliza choperekedwa kumapeto kwa 2007 chiwonongeke, ndipo chitukuko chonsecho chinaimitsidwa ndi chaka china. Mnzake wa Rubin, Chris DeSalvo, anati, “Monga wogula zinthu, ndinakhumudwa kwambiri. Koma monga injiniya wa Google, ndimaganiza kuti tiyambirenso. "

Ngakhale kuti iPhone inali chipambano chachikulu cha Steve Jobs, kukweza Apple pamwamba pa makampani ena onse ndipo lero akuwerengera ndalama zoposa 50 peresenti ya ndalama zonse mu Infinity Loop 1, zinali zopweteka ku nthiti za Google-osachepera gawo lake la Android.

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