Vratislav Holub Pakatikati pa mafoni a Apple ndi chipset chawo. Pachifukwa ichi, Apple imadalira tchipisi take kuchokera ku banja la A-Series, lomwe limadzipanga lokha kenako ndikupereka zopanga zake ku TSMC (mmodzi mwa opanga zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi opanga ma semiconductor okhala ndi ukadaulo wamakono kwambiri). Chifukwa cha izi, imatha kuwonetsetsa kuphatikizidwa kwabwino pama hardware ndi mapulogalamu ndikubisala magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri pama foni ake kuposa mafoni omwe akupikisana nawo. Dziko la tchipisi ladutsa pang'onopang'ono komanso modabwitsa m'zaka khumi zapitazi, likuyenda bwino mwanjira iliyonse.
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
Amaya Toman Pokhudzana ndi chipsets, njira yopangira yomwe imaperekedwa mu nanometers imatchulidwa nthawi zambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yochepetsera kupanga, ndi yabwino kwa chip palokha. Chiwerengero cha nanometers chimasonyeza mtunda pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri - gwero ndi chipata - pakati pawo palinso chipata chomwe chimayang'anira kutuluka kwa ma elekitironi. Mwachidule, tinganene kuti njira yaying'ono yopanga, ma electrodes (transistors) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chipset, zomwe zimawonjezera ntchito zawo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndipo ndi gawo ili momwe zozizwitsa zakhala zikuchitika m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chomwe titha kusangalala ndi miniaturization yamphamvu kwambiri. Itha kuwonedwanso mwangwiro pa iPhones okha. Kwa zaka zambiri za kukhalapo kwawo, akumana ndi kangapo kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kwa tchipisi tawo, zomwe, m'malo mwake, zakhala zikuyenda bwino.
Njira yaying'ono yopanga = chipset yabwino
Mwachitsanzo, iPhone 4 yotereyi inali ndi chip Apple A4 (2010). Inali chipset cha 32-bit chokhala ndi njira yopangira 45nm, yomwe idapangidwa ndi Samsung yaku South Korea. Chitsanzo chotsatira A5 adapitilizabe kudalira njira ya 45nm ya CPU, koma anali atasinthiratu ku 32nm kwa GPU. Kusintha kwathunthu kenako kunachitika ndikufika kwa chip Apple A6 mu 2012, yomwe inkagwiritsa ntchito iPhone 5 yoyambirira. Kusintha kumeneku kutabwera, iPhone 5 inapereka 30% mofulumira CPU. Komabe, panthawiyo chitukuko cha tchipisi chinali chitangoyamba kumene. Kusintha kwakukulu kunabwera mu 2013 ndi iPhone 5S, kapena chip Apple A7. Inali chipset choyamba cha 64-bit cha mafoni, chomwe chidachokera pakupanga kwa 28nm. Pazaka zitatu zokha, Apple idakwanitsa kuchepetsa pafupifupi theka. Komabe, potengera magwiridwe antchito a CPU ndi GPU, zidayenda bwino pafupifupi kawiri.
iPhone 5S
M'chaka chotsatira (2014), adafunsira mawu akuti iPhone 6 ndi 6 Plus, momwe adayendera Apple A8. Mwa njira, iyi inali chipset yoyamba, yomwe idagulidwa ndi chimphona cha Taiwanese TSMC chomwe tatchulachi. Chidutswachi chinabwera ndi njira yopangira 20nm ndipo idapereka 25% yamphamvu kwambiri ya CPU ndi 50% yamphamvu kwambiri ya GPU. Kwa ma sixes otukuka, iPhone 6S ndi 6S Plus, chimphona chachikulu cha Cupertino kubetcha pa chip Apple A9, zomwe ziri zosangalatsa kwambiri mwanjira yakeyake. Kupanga kwake kudatsimikiziridwa ndi TSMC ndi Samsung, koma ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakupanga. Ngakhale makampani onsewa adapanga chip chomwechi, kampani imodzi idatuluka ndi njira ya 16nm (TSMC) ndipo inayo ndi 14nm process (Samsung). Ngakhale izi, kusiyana kwa machitidwe sikunawonekere. Panali mphekesera zokha zomwe zimafalikira pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito apulo kuti ma iPhones okhala ndi Samsung chip amatuluka mwachangu pansi pa katundu wovuta kwambiri, zomwe zinali zoona. Mulimonsemo, Apple adanena pambuyo pa mayesero kuti izi ndizosiyana pakati pa 2 mpaka 3 peresenti, choncho zilibe mphamvu zenizeni.
Kupanga chip kwa iPhone 7 ndi 7 Plus, Mapulogalamu a Apple A10, idayikidwa m'manja mwa TSMC chaka chotsatira, yomwe idakhalabe opanga okha kuyambira pamenepo. Mtunduwu sunasinthe kwenikweni pakupanga, popeza udali 16nm. Ngakhale zili choncho, Apple idakwanitsa kuwonjezera magwiridwe ake ndi 40% ya CPU ndi 50% ya GPU. Anali wosangalatsa kwambiri Apple A11 Bionic mu iPhones 8, 8 Plus ndi X. Yotsirizirayo inadzitamandira ndi njira yopangira 10nm ndipo motero inawona kusintha kwakukulu. Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma cores. Pomwe A10 Fusion chip idapereka ma 4 CPU cores (2 yamphamvu ndi 2 yachuma), A11 Bionic ili ndi 6 yaiwo (2 yamphamvu ndi 4 yachuma). Amphamvuwo adalandira 25% mathamangitsidwe, ndipo pankhani yazachuma, anali 70% mathamangitsidwe.
Chimphona cha Cupertino pambuyo pake chidakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018 ndi chip. Apple A12 Bionic, yomwe idakhala chipset choyamba chokhala ndi njira yopangira 7nm. Chitsanzochi chimapereka mphamvu makamaka kwa iPhone XS, XS Max, XR, komanso iPad Air 3, iPad mini 5 kapena iPad 8. Miyendo yake iwiri yamphamvu ndi 11% mofulumira ndi 15% yowonjezera ndalama poyerekeza ndi A50 Bionic, pamene anayi ma cores azachuma amadya mphamvu zochepera 50% kuposa chip chakale. Chip cha Apple ndiye chinamangidwa pakupanga komweko A13 Bionic cholinga cha iPhone 11, 11 Pro, 11 Pro Max, SE 2 ndi iPad 9. Miyendo yake yamphamvu inali 20% mofulumira ndi 30% yowonjezera ndalama, pamene yachuma inalandira 20% mathamangitsidwe ndi 40% chuma chochuluka. Kenako anatsegula nthawi yamakono Apple A14 Bionic. Poyamba anapita ku iPad Air 4, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi adawonekera mu mbadwo wa iPhone 12. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, inali chipangizo choyamba chogulitsa malonda chomwe chinapereka chipset pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira 5nm. Pankhani ya CPU, idakwera ndi 40% ndi GPU ndi 30%. Pano tikupatsidwa iPhone 13 yokhala ndi chip Apple A15 Bionic, yomwe idakhazikitsidwanso pakupanga kwa 5nm. Chips kuchokera ku banja la M-Series, pakati pa ena, amadalira njira yomweyo. Apple imawatumiza mu Macs ndi Apple Silicon.
Zithunzi
Zimene zidzachitike m’tsogolo
M'kugwa, Apple iyenera kutiwonetsa m'badwo watsopano wa mafoni a Apple, iPhone 14. Malinga ndi kutayikira kwaposachedwa ndi zongoyerekeza, mitundu ya Pro ndi Pro Max idzitamandira ndi chipangizo chatsopano cha Apple A16, chomwe chingabwere ndi kupanga 4nm. ndondomeko. Izi zakhala zikukambidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa olima apulosi, koma kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kumatsutsa kusinthaku. Mwachiwonekere, "tidzawona" njira yabwino ya 5nm kuchokera ku TSMC, yomwe idzawonetsetse kuti 10% ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Choncho kusintha kuyenera kubwera m'chaka chotsatira. Kumbali iyi, palinso nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira 3nm, pomwe TSMC imagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi Apple. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito a ma chipsets am'manja afika pamlingo wosayerekezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kupita patsogolo pang'ono kukhala konyozeka.
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
Kuwuluka padziko lonse lapansi ndi Apple 