Amaya Toman Njira yopangira ma apulo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopambana kwambiri zomwe zidachitikapo padziko lonse laukadaulo. Ungwiro, chidwi chatsatanetsatane, njira zoganiziridwa kwambiri ndi chinsinsi chapamwamba zimabweretsa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri. Bwerani nafe kuti tiwone bwinobwino momwe chitukuko chikuyendera.
Apple ndi yotchuka chifukwa chogogomezera kwambiri chinsinsi. M'masiku a Steve Jobs, zinali zosatheka kudziwa zambiri zamakampani amkati. Kusunga tsatanetsatane wa kapangidwe kazinthu kwalipira Apple kangapo, ndiye sizodabwitsa kuti akuyesera kumamatira kuzinthu izi ngakhale lero.
Koma Adam Lashinsky, mlembi wa buku la Inside Apple: How America's most Admired and Secretive Company Really Works, anali ndi mwayi wowona zomwe zatchulidwazi. Zachidziwikire, Apple ikupitilizabe kusungitsa mbali zake zingapo, koma chifukwa cha Lashinsky, titha kudziwa bwino za njira yopangira zinthu.
Kupanga koposa zonse
Momwe mungaperekere okonza ufulu wopanga komanso nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti zomwe amapanga zikugwirizana ndi masomphenya anu? Ku Apple, mapangidwe amakhala patsogolo nthawi zonse. Jony Ive, wotsogolera wopanga kampani ya Cupertino, amatsogolera gulu lake lokonzekera, lomwe liri ndi ufulu wathunthu m'derali, kuyambira ndi kukhazikitsa bajeti ndi kutsiriza ndi njira yopangira machitidwe odziwika.
Pakupanga chinthu chatsopano, gulu lopanga nthawi zonse limagwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha kuchokera kumakampani ena onse - Apple imapanganso macheke apadera kuti atsimikizire kuti gululo silimalumikizana ndi antchito ena masana. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kake kamachotsanso gulu lopanga kuchokera kugulu lakale la Apple, chifukwa chake limatha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga.
Gulu loyang'anira likayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga chinthu chatsopano, limalandira chidziwitso chotchedwa ANPP - Apple New Product Process, yomwe ili ndi tsatanetsatane wa magawo onse a ndondomekoyi. Lingaliro lalikulu la gawoli ndikuzindikira magawo omwe gulu liyenera kudutsamo, ndani yemwe adzakhale ndi udindo pazomaliza, omwe achite gawo liti la ndondomekoyi komanso kuti zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti chitukuko chifike. mapeto opambana.
Lolemba Lofunika
Lolemba ku Apple amaperekedwa kumisonkhano ndi gulu lopanga komanso kuyankhulana kwazinthu zonse zomwe zikupanga pano. Apanso, sizovuta monga momwe zingawonekere poyang'ana koyamba - chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za kupambana kwa kampani ya apulo ndi mfundo yosagwira ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi. M'malo mwake, Apple imakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri ma projekiti ochepa omwe ali ndi chidaliro kuti adzabala zipatso.
Chinthu chomwe sichingakambidwe pamsonkhano wapano pazifukwa zilizonse chimaperekedwa patsogolo pa msonkhano wotsatira wa Lolemba. Mwachidule, chipangizo chilichonse cha Apple chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi gulu lalikulu kamodzi. Chifukwa cha kusanthula pafupipafupi uku, Apple imatha kuchepetsa kuchedwa kwa zisankho zofunika.
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
David Hanak EPM ndi GSM
EPM imayimira "Engineering Program Manager", GSM pankhaniyi ikuyimira "Global Supply Manager". Pamodzi, awiriwa adapeza dzina loti "EPM Mafia" ndipo ntchito yawo ndikuyang'anira katunduyo pamene akuchoka pakupanga kupanga. Anthuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ku China, popeza Apple pakadali pano imapanga zochepa kwambiri m'nyumba ndipo m'malo mwake imadalira makampani ngati Foxconn. Kwa Apple, izi sizikutanthauza kudandaula pang'ono, komanso kutsika mtengo.
Ngakhale kuti mawu oti "EPM Mafia" angamveke, awa ndi anthu omwe kufotokozera ntchito yawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malonda afika pamsika m'njira yoyenera, panthawi yoyenera, komanso pamtengo woyenerera. Zilizonse komanso muzochitika zonse, ayenera kupitiriza m'njira yakuti zochita zawo nthawi zonse zikhale zogwirizana ndi zomwe apatsidwa.
Zithunzi
Kubwerezabwereza ndi mayi wa nzeru
Ntchito yopangira ikayamba, Apple sakhala pamasewera. Panthawi yopangira, mapangidwe apangidwe amabwerezedwa - mankhwalawa amasonkhanitsidwa, amayesedwa ndikuyesedwa. Kenako gulu lokonzekera limayamba kugwira ntchito zowongolera ndipo mankhwalawa amakonzedwanso. Kuzungulira kotchulidwaku kumatenga masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi ndipo akhoza kubwerezedwa kangapo.
Kupanga kukamaliza, EPM itenga zomwe zamalizidwa ndikubweretsa zida zoyeserera ku likulu la California. Njira yokwera mtengoyi ndi imodzi mwazifukwa zomwe Apple ili kumbuyo kwazinthu zambiri zosinthira, ndipo ndithudi ma iPods, iPhones ndi iPads adadutsamo.
Unboxing - chinsinsi chapamwamba
Gawo lomwe ma prototypes atsopano amatsegulidwa ndi imodzi mwa mphindi zotetezedwa kwambiri. Apple ikuyesera kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti ipewe kutayikira kosayenera. Ngakhale zili choncho, zimachitika, koma zithunzi zowonongeka sizichokera ku likulu la kampani ku Cupertino, koma kuchokera ku mizere yopanga ku China.
Pamene mankhwala amapita ku dziko
Gawo lomaliza lachitukuko ndikumasulidwa kwa mankhwalawo. Nthawi yomwe chinthu chimadziwika kuti ndichabwino kupita kudziko lapansi, chimadutsa mundondomeko yotchedwa "The Rules of the Road", yomwe imatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwenikweni. Kulephera panthawiyi kukhoza kutaya wogwira ntchitoyo ntchito yake nthawi yomweyo.
Njira yonse yopangira mankhwala a apulo, kuyambira ndi lingaliro ndi kutha ndi kugulitsa, ndizovuta kwambiri, zodula komanso zovuta. Poyerekeza ndi malingaliro ambiri abizinesi, siziyenera ngakhale kugwira ntchito, koma kwenikweni zapitilira zomwe amayembekeza.
Chitsime: Kuphatikizana Design
"imodzi mwamakampani olondola kwambiri padziko lapansi" - zomwe zinali zoona, koma mwatsoka sizinali choncho. Komabe, Tim Cook, nanga bwanji?