Daniel Hruska Kutumiza mauthenga kudzera iMessage ndi njira yotchuka yolankhulirana pakati pa zida za iOS ndi makompyuta a Mac. Makumi mamiliyoni a mauthenga amasinthidwa ndi ma seva a Apple tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo pamene malonda a Apple-bitten zipangizo akukula, momwemonso kutchuka kwa iMessage. Koma kodi munayamba mwaganizapo za momwe mauthenga anu amatetezedwa kwa omwe angakuwonongeni?
Apple yatulutsidwa posachedwa chikalata kufotokoza chitetezo cha iOS. Imalongosola bwino njira zachitetezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu iOS - dongosolo, kubisa kwa data ndi chitetezo, chitetezo cha pulogalamu, kulumikizana ndi maukonde, ntchito zapaintaneti ndi chitetezo chazida. Ngati mumamvetsetsa pang'ono za chitetezo ndipo mulibe vuto ndi Chingerezi, mungapeze iMessage patsamba nambala 20. Ngati sichoncho, ndiyesera kufotokoza mfundo ya chitetezo cha iMessage momveka bwino momwe ndingathere.
Maziko a kutumiza mauthenga ndi kubisa kwawo. Kwa anthu wamba, izi nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi njira yomwe mumabisa uthengawo ndi kiyi ndipo wolandirayo amawuchotsa ndi kiyi iyi. Mfungulo yotereyi imatchedwa symmetric. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pakuchita izi ndikupereka kiyi kwa wolandira. Ngati wowukirayo ataugwira, amatha kungolemba mauthenga anu ndikukhala ngati wolandirayo. Kuti muchepetse, taganizirani bokosi lokhala ndi loko, momwe kiyi imodzi yokha ikukwanira, ndipo ndi funguloli mukhoza kuyika ndi kuchotsa zomwe zili m'bokosilo.
Mwamwayi, pali asymmetric cryptography pogwiritsa ntchito makiyi awiri - apagulu ndi achinsinsi. Mfundo yake ndikuti aliyense atha kudziwa kiyi yanu yapagulu, inde inu nokha mumadziwa kiyi yanu yachinsinsi. Ngati wina akufuna kukutumizirani uthenga, amalemba ndi kiyi yanu yapagulu. Uthenga wobisika ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi kiyi yanu yachinsinsi. Ngati mukuganiza bokosi la makalata kachiwiri m'njira yosavuta, ndiye nthawi ino lidzakhala ndi maloko awiri. Ndi kiyi ya anthu onse, aliyense akhoza kumasula kuti aike zomwe zili, koma inu nokha ndi kiyi yanu yachinsinsi ndi yomwe mungasankhe. Kunena zowona, ndiwonjezera kuti uthenga wobisika ndi kiyi yapagulu sungathe kusindikizidwa ndi kiyi yapagulu iyi.
Momwe chitetezo chimagwirira ntchito mu iMessage:
- IMessage ikatsegulidwa, awiriawiri ofunikira amapangidwa pa chipangizocho - 1280b RSA kubisa deta ndi 256b ECDSA kutsimikizira kuti detayo sinasokonezedwe panjira.
- Makiyi awiri apagulu amatumizidwa ku Apple Directory Service (IDS). Inde, makiyi awiri achinsinsi amakhalabe osungidwa pa chipangizocho.
- Mu IDS, makiyi a anthu onse amalumikizidwa ndi nambala yanu ya foni, imelo, ndi adilesi ya chipangizo chanu mu Apple Push Notification service (APN).
- Ngati wina akufuna kukutumizirani uthenga, chipangizo chawo chidzapeza kiyi yanu ya anthu onse (kapena makiyi angapo agulu ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito iMessage pazida zingapo) ndi ma adilesi a APN pazida zanu mu IDS.
- Amalemba uthengawo pogwiritsa ntchito 128b AES ndikusayina ndi kiyi yake yachinsinsi. Ngati uthengawo ukufikirani pazida zingapo, uthengawo umasungidwa ndikusungidwa pa ma seva a Apple padera pa aliyense wa iwo.
- Zina, monga masitampu anthawi, sizinasinthidwe nkomwe.
- Kulumikizana konse kumachitika kudzera pa TLS.
- Mauthenga ataliatali ndi zomata zimasungidwa ndi kiyi yachisawawa pa iCloud. Chilichonse chotere chimakhala ndi URI yake (adilesi ya china chake pa seva).
- Uthengawo ukaperekedwa kuzida zanu zonse, umachotsedwa. Ngati sichinaperekedwe ku chipangizo chanu chimodzi, chimasiyidwa pamaseva kwa masiku 7 ndikuchotsedwa.
Kufotokozera kumeneku kungawoneke ngati kovuta kwa inu, koma ngati muyang'ana chithunzi pamwambapa, mudzamvetsetsa mfundoyi. Ubwino wa chitetezo choterocho ndikuti ukhoza kuukiridwa kuchokera kunja ndi mphamvu zopanda pake. Chabwino, pakadali pano, chifukwa owukira ayamba kukhala anzeru.
Chiwopsezo chomwe chingachitike ndi Apple yomwe. Izi ndichifukwa choti amayang'anira zida zonse zamakiyi, kotero kuti mwachidziwitso atha kupatsa chida china (chifungulo china chapagulu ndi chachinsinsi) ku akaunti yanu, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha chigamulo cha khothi, momwe mauthenga obwera angasinthidwe. Komabe, apa Apple yanena kuti sichichita ndipo sichidzachita chilichonse.
Ndipo yalembedwa pamaso pa ndani? Kodi SSL yanthawi zonse singakhale yokwanira, uthengawo umatumizidwa ku apulo ndi apulo kenako ndikutumizanso uthengawo kudzera pa SSL? Apple ili ndi mphamvu yomvera mauthenga, nanga bwanji phokoso lonse lozungulira? Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndi nkhani yoletsa munthu wina kuti asamvere uthengawo, ndipo SSL ndiyokwanira.
Ngati tikhulupirira kuti Apple satumiza makiyi achinsinsi, ndiye kuti sangawawerengenso. Ndipo mulimonse, SSL ndikungokhazikitsa kubisa kwa asymmetric pamalumikizidwe a kasitomala-seva.
Chifukwa chake timatumiza uthenga wa 2x wosungidwa pa SSL ndipo Apple akhoza kuiwerenga, kapena 2x osasindikizidwa ndikuti timapempha makiyi a anthu pasadakhale ndikugwiritsa ntchito cipher chimodzimodzi monga momwe zilili ndi SSL ndipo Apple sangawawerenge mwachidziwitso.
Ndipo chifukwa chiyani deta yasungidwa ngakhale ku Apple? Chifukwa antchito ena adzakhala ndi mwayi wowapeza. Wamunyengedwa ndi bwenzi lake, kotero akuyamba kutsitsa mauthenga ake - akutuluka ndipo Apple ali m'mavuto.
Phokoso loseketsa..