Ondrej Holzman European Commission yaganiza kuti Apple idagwiritsa ntchito misonkho yosaloledwa ku Ireland pakati pa 2003 ndi 2014 ndipo tsopano iyenera kulipira ma euro 13 biliyoni (korona 351 biliyoni) pa izi. Boma la Ireland kapena Apple sanagwirizane ndi chigamulochi ndipo akufuna kuchita apilo.
Ndalama zowonjezera mabiliyoni khumi ndi atatu ndi chilango chachikulu kwambiri cha msonkho chomwe bungwe la European Union linapereka, koma sizikudziwika ngati kampani yaku California idzalipira zonse. Lingaliro la olamulira aku Europe silikondedwa ndi Ireland ndipo, zomveka, ngakhalenso ndi Apple yokha.
Wopanga iPhone, yemwe ali ndi likulu lawo ku Europe ku Ireland, amayenera kukambirana mosavomerezeka za msonkho wocheperako pachilumbachi, ndikulipira kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka msonkho wamakampani m'malo molipira 12,5 peresenti ya dzikolo. Motero sichinali choposa XNUMX peresenti, chomwe chimafanana ndi mitengo ya malo otchedwa misonkho.
Chifukwa chake, European Commission tsopano, pambuyo pa kafukufuku wazaka zitatu, idaganiza kuti Ireland ifunse mbiri ya 13 biliyoni ya euro kuchokera ku chimphona cha California ngati chipukuta misonkho chotayika. Koma nduna ya zachuma ku Ireland yalengeza kale kuti "sagwirizana kwenikweni" ndi lingaliroli ndipo akufuna kuti boma la Ireland lidziteteze.
Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, kulipira misonkho yowonjezera sikungakhale nkhani yabwino kwa Ireland. Chuma chake chimakhala chokhazikika pamisonkho yofananira, chifukwa osati Apple yokha, komanso, mwachitsanzo, Google kapena Facebook ndi makampani ena akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi likulu lawo ku Europe ku Ireland. Choncho tingayembekezere kuti boma la Ireland lidzalimbana ndi chigamulo cha European Commission ndipo mkangano wonsewo udzathetsedwa kwa zaka zingapo.
Komabe, zotsatira za makhothi omwe akuyembekezeredwa adzakhala ofunika kwambiri, makamaka monga chitsanzo cha milandu ina yotereyi, motero ku Ireland ndi ndondomeko yake yamisonkho, komanso Apple yokha ndi makampani ena. Koma ngakhale European Commission idapambana ndipo Apple idayenera kulipira ma euro mabiliyoni 13 omwe atchulidwa, sizingakhale vuto lotere kwa iye kuchokera pazachuma. Izi zitha kukhala pafupifupi 215 peresenti ya nkhokwe zake ($ XNUMX biliyoni).
Kuti 12.5% kapena 0.005% kale ndi kusiyana kwakukulu koyipa ndipo funso limadzuka chifukwa chake ngati Apple ilibe msonkho, bwanji ena. Ndizowononga ku Ireland, chifukwa palibe amene amaika ndalama pano chifukwa cha msonkho wotsika.
Sikuti Apple yekha ali ndi mwayi womwewo. Funso ndi chifukwa chake amangofuna ndalama kuchokera ku Apple. Monga Tim adanena molondola, akafuna kuti abwerere pambuyo pa aliyense, mitambo yamakampani ku Ireland ndi ku Europe idzagwada pamaso pawo. Ndipo ngati sakufuna kwa aliyense, ndi tsankho. komabe, sindikumvetsa momwe angapangire Ireland kuti achite chinachake chomwe chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndipo chimachitidwanso ngati gawo la zolimbikitsa msonkho m'dziko lathu.
Amafuna ndalama kuchokera ku Apple tsopano, chifukwa muyenera kuyamba ndi munthu wina ndipo kukhala kampani yolemera kwambiri sikumakhala mwayi nthawi zonse :D. Pamene adalandira chigamba kuchokera ku Microsoft (yomwe inali kampani yolemera kwambiri panthawiyo, mwa njira) pazifukwa zosamvetsetseka, aliyense ankangomufunira zimenezo, ndipo ngati Apple ayenera kulipira zomwe sanatenge mozemba, ndiye kuti munthu wosauka. Choncho si mwangozi. Ndipo adalamulidwa ku Ireland. Ndalemba kale za izo kwina, koma m'pofunika kuzindikira kuti zomwe Ireland wachita ndi chinyengo chabe pa malamulo a EU. Ndipo monga Ireland, Apple amadziwa bwino izi. Izo zinangomukwanira iye, ndithudi. Ndipo musaphatikize izo ndi zopuma msonkho. Apa, Apple (ndi ena onga iwo) adachepetsa misonkho kwa nthawi yosadziwika, ndipo izi zimangotsutsana ndi malamulo a EU. Ndipo kuti mkulu wina m’boma anakonza zimenezo? Kwa a) sizinakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo b) ndizosaloledwa.
Kotero sindikuwona momwe ndingatsutse. Koma ayenera kupempha Ireland kuti ibweze ndalamazo m’nkhokwe. Funso ndilakuti ali patali kapena adalumikizidwa ku EU X zaka zapitazo. Komabe, Apple ili ndi mgwirizano walamulo ndi boma.
Monga gawo la zolimbikitsira ndalama, Fo * conn Kutná Hora anali / ali, mwachitsanzo, tchuthi la msonkho la zaka 10 ... Kodi chimenecho si mgwirizano wosaloledwa?
Sikuti, ngati izi zalembedwa penapake m'malamulo, kuti dziko lopatsidwa likhoza kupereka chithandizo kwa kampani ngati ikufuna kukopa dzikolo. Koma Apple wakhalapo kwa a) zaka zingapo kale - Cook mwiniwake akulemba kuti ofesi ku Ireland idatsegulidwa zaka 40 zapitazo, kotero sitikulankhula za kukopa osunga ndalama, ndipo b) padzakhalabe vuto ndi momwe Apple adasunthira. phindu lake kuchokera kumayiko ena kupita ku Ireland kuti apewe kulipira misonkho yamakampani kumayiko komwe phindu. Ndipo kwa c) adzayenera kufotokoza momwe adafikira misonkho ya 0,005% pomwe adagwirizana kuti adzakhala ndi 2%.
Mobwerezabwereza. Simungakhale ndi mgwirizano walamulo mukasainira mophwanya malamulo. Zili ngati kunena kuti muli ndi mgwirizano kuti mukhoza kuwombera aliyense mwalamulo, zomwe ndi zotsutsana ndi lamulo. Posaina mgwirizanowu, onse awiri akudziwa kuti sayenera kuphwanya malamulo, ndipo Apple sayenera kusaina mgwirizano wotero. Zoti adasaina ndiye vuto lake ndipo tsopano pali zotsatira zake. Chinthu chokha chomwe sichidziwika ndi chakuti EC imati chigamulocho chidzagwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kawirikawiri mgwirizanowu udzathetsedwa ndipo palibe amene akufuna chilichonse kwa wina aliyense. Koma tikukamba za ndalama zazikulu apa ... :D Apo ayi, Ireland yakhala mbali ya EU kwa zaka pafupifupi 40 (inalowa mu 1973 - panthawiyo European Community) kotero ndithudi ikudziwa bwino momwe maudindo amagwera. pa izo, iwo sangakhoze kupanga zowiringula za izo.
Ndipo kubweza ndalama, ndiwe wovuta apa. EC sakufuna kuti Ireland ibweze kalikonse, ilibe kopita, imeneyo ndi misonkho yamakampani yomwe ili ku Ireland. M'malo mwake, akunena pano kuti Ireland ndi wotsutsa, chifukwa ndiye wotsutsa zachuma yemwe amalipira Apple kuti abweretse. Ndipo phokoso lonse la Ireland ndiloti, ndithudi, ndikuwopa kuti makampani monga Apple, Google, Facebook, ndipo sindikudziwa kuti ndani wina angathawe dzikolo potengera chisankhochi ndikutaya phindu. Koma Ireland idakali yosangalatsa kwa makampaniwa, chifukwa misonkho yotsika yotereyi mwina sapezeka ku EU ... kotero mwina Luxembourg ndi Netherlands.
Ndipo kufuula Apple? Zilibe ngakhale za ndalama izi, ngakhale kuti ndani angafune kulipira 13/14 biliyoni EU pamene adakonzekera "kudya" izo. Koma vuto n’lakuti, mwachitsanzo, tsopano adzangoyenera kulipira msonkho wa ndalama zoyenerera, ndiponso kuti adzayang’aniridwa pa nkhani ya msonkho m’mayiko ogulitsa, zimene sanachite m’njira ya Solomo. adasuntha, monga momwe dfx akulembera pamwambapa, ndalama zonse zomwe adapeza ku Ireland. Chifukwa chake mayiko ngati Germany, France, UK, koma tidabweranso mwachidule. Ndipo ife tiri kwinakwake kwathunthu, chifukwa mwadzidzidzi phindu lake lidzachepetsedwa kwambiri. kufotokozera 2011: mwachitsanzo, Commission inanena kuti mu 2011 Apple Sales International inanena phindu la madola mabiliyoni a 22, koma kutengera chigamulo cha msonkho, phindu la 50 miliyoni lokha la phindu linkaganiziridwa kuti ndiloyenera msonkho ku Ireland, pamene 15,95 mabiliyoni a euro. anakhalabe opanda msonkho. Ndipo ndizo zonse….
Koma inde, ndinamvetsetsa, zimangowoneka ngati zopanda nzeru kwa ine ndipo sindimadziwa kuti dziko la Ireland lidakhala membala wa EU komanso pomwe mgwirizano wamisonkho womwe watchulidwawu udakwaniritsidwa. Mulimonsemo, makamaka ndi Ireland yomwe iyenera kumvetsera, ndipo, kumbali ina, idzalandira ndalama. Pokhapokha atapanga mgwirizano (mobisa) ndi Apple kuti amubwezere ngati gawo la chinachake :)
EU ikulimbana ndi "malo amisonkho" mkati mwa msika umodzi wa EU. nzabwino. Koma sizingasokonezenso mapangano omwe ali mamembala a EU ndi makampani apadera.
Ikhoza kulamula boma kuti lisamalize mapangano enanso, kapena kulimbikitsa kuthetsedwa kwa mapangano omwe alipo kale osathandiza. Ngati dziko la Ireland, mokakamizidwa ndi EU, liperekanso msonkho kwa kampani iliyonse yachinsinsi -> kulemeretsa mopanda chilungamo -> mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wotsutsana ndi Ireland (osati EU).
Koma ndithudi angathe, chifukwa mgwirizano umatsutsana ndi malamulo omwe alipo. Ndipo ndizo zonse, kuti mgwirizanowu ndi wosavomerezeka chifukwa dziko lokhala membala silingachepetse misonkho kumakampani. Ndi chifukwa chake kutumiza. Ndipo popeza Apple ilidi "yopanda mlandu" mu izi - ngakhale Apple sakuyenera kusaina pangano lomwe limatsutsana ndi malamulo, Ireland idagwira - kotero palibe zilango ndi zilango.
Ireland kwenikweni adachitapo kanthu. Ngati ndikuyerekeza kuti Ireland ili ndi 2% ya anthu onse a EU, ndipo Apple sanapereke misonkho kwina kulikonse ku EU, ndiye kuti 1% msonkho pa phindu kuchokera ku EU yonse ndi pafupifupi 50% msonkho pa phindu la Apple ku Ireland.
Zotsatira zake, Apple idangolipira msonkho wathunthu wa EU ku Ireland. Zinali zopindulitsa ku Ireland ndi Apple, koma mayiko ena a EU analibe kalikonse kuchokera ku msonkho wa phindu wa Apple m'maiko awo.