Daniel Hruska Mu 2010, Steve Jobs modzikuza anapereka iPhone 4. Kuwonjezera pa mapangidwe atsopano, adabweretsa chisankho chowonetseratu chomwe sichinachitikepo mu foni yam'manja. Pamwamba ndi diagonal ya 3,5 ″ (8,89 cm), Apple, kapena m'malo mwake wogulitsa, adatha kukwanira ma pixel amtundu wa 640 × 960 ndipo makulidwe a chiwonetserochi ndi 326 PPI (ma pixel pa inchi) . Kodi zowonetsa zabwino zikubweranso za Mac?
Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze mawu akuti "retina chiwonetsero". Ambiri amaganiza kuti uwu ndi mtundu wina chabe wazotsatsa womwe Apple adangopanga. Inde ndi ayi. Zowonetsera zapamwamba zinalipo ngakhale iPhone 4 isanayambe, koma sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagulu ogula. Mwachitsanzo, zowonetsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu radiology ndi madera ena azachipatala, pomwe dontho lililonse ndi tsatanetsatane wa chithunzicho, zimafika pakuchulukira kolemekezeka kwa pixel mumitundu yonse. 508 mpaka 750 PPI. Miyezo iyi imadutsa malire a masomphenya aumunthu mwa anthu "okhwima kwambiri", omwe amalola kuti mawonedwe awa akhale ngati Kalasi I i.e. mawonetsero a kalasi yoyamba. Mtengo wopanga mapanelo oterowo ndiwokwera kwambiri, kotero sitidzawawona mumagetsi ogula kwakanthawi.
Kubwerera ku iPhone 4, mudzakumbukira zomwe Apple adanena: "Retina yaumunthu imalephera kusiyanitsa mapixels payekha pamiyeso yopitilira 300 PPI." Masabata angapo apitawo, iPad ya m'badwo wachitatu idayambitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera kawiri poyerekeza ndi mibadwo yam'mbuyomu. Choyambirira cha 768 × 1024 chinawonjezeka kufika ku 1536 × 2048. Tikaganizira kukula kwa diagonal 9,7 "(22,89 cm), timapeza 264 PPI. Komabe, Apple imatchulanso chiwonetserochi ngati Retina. Kodi izi zingatheke bwanji pamene zaka ziwiri zapitazo adanena kuti kachulukidwe pamwamba pa 300 PPI amafunikira? Mwachidule. 300 PPI imeneyo imagwira ntchito pama foni am'manja kapena zida zomwe zimakhala pamtunda womwewo kuchokera ku retina monga foni yam'manja. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amagwira iPad kutali pang'ono ndi maso awo kuposa iPhone.
Ngati titatanthauzira tanthauzo la "retina" mwanjira ina, zitha kumveka motere:"Chiwonetsero cha retina ndi chiwonetsero chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kusiyanitsa mapikiselo amodzi." Monga tonse tikudziwa, timayang'ana mawonedwe osiyanasiyana kuchokera patali. Tili ndi chowunikira chachikulu chapakompyuta chomwe chili ndi masentimita makumi ambiri kuchokera pamutu pathu, chifukwa chake 300 PPI siyofunika kutipusitsa maso athu. Momwemonso, MacBooks amagona patebulo kapena pachifuwa pafupi pang'ono ndi maso kuposa oyang'anira akuluakulu. Tikhozanso kuona ma TV ndi zipangizo zina mofananamo. Titha kunena kuti gulu lililonse lazowonetsa malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito liyenera kukhala ndi malire akuchulukira kwa pixel. Parameter yokhayo yomwe iyenera wina kudziwa, ndi mtunda chabe kuchokera kwa maso kupita ku chiwonetsero. Ngati mudawonera nkhani yayikulu pakuvumbulutsidwa kwa iPad yatsopano, mwina mwapeza malongosoledwe achidule kuchokera kwa Phil Schiller.
Monga momwe tingadziwire, 300 PPI ndi yokwanira kwa iPhone yomwe imakhala pamtunda wa 10 "(pafupifupi 25 cm) ndi 264 PPI ya iPad pamtunda wa 15" (pafupifupi 38 cm). Ngati mtundawu uwonedwa, ma pixel a iPhone ndi iPad amakhala ofanana kukula kwa wowonera (kapena ang'ono mpaka osawoneka). Timathanso kuona chodabwitsa chofananacho m’chilengedwe. Sichina koma kadamsana. Mwezi ndi wocheperapo nthawi 400 m'mimba mwake kuposa Dzuwa, koma nthawi yomweyo uli pafupi ndi dziko lapansi nthawi 400. Pakadamsana kotheratu, Mwezi umangophimba mbali yonse ya Dzuwa. Popanda malingaliro ena, tikhoza kuganiza kuti matupi onsewa ndi ofanana. Komabe, ndasiya kale zinthu zamagetsi, koma mwina chitsanzo ichi chinakuthandizani kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi - mtunda wa nkhani.
Richard Gaywood wa TUAW adawerengera mawerengedwe ake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yofanana ya masamu monga momwe zilili pachithunzipa. Ngakhale adayerekeza mtunda wowonera yekha (11 ″ pa iPhone ndi 16 ″ pa iPad), izi sizinakhudze zotsatira zake. Koma zomwe tinganene ndi mtunda wa maso kuchokera pachimphona cha 27-inch iMac. Aliyense amasintha malo awo ogwirira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zawo, momwemonso ndi mtunda kuchokera pa polojekiti. Iyenera kukhala kutalika kwa mkono, koma kachiwiri - mnyamata wamamita awiri ali ndi dzanja lalitali kwambiri kuposa dona wamng'ono. Pa tebulo ili m'munsimu ndimeyi, ndawunikira mizere ndi mfundo za 27-inchi iMac, pomwe mumatha kuwona kuti mtunda umakhala wotani. Munthu sakhala wowongoka pampando tsiku lonse pa kompyuta, koma amakonda kutsamira chigongono chake patebulo, chomwe chimayika mutu wake patali pang'ono kuchokera pachiwonetsero.
Kodi tingawerengenso chiyani kuchokera pa tebulo pamwambapa? Kuti pafupifupi makompyuta onse apulosi si zoipa ngakhale lero. Mwachitsanzo, chiwonetsero cha 17-inch MacBook Pro chingafotokozedwe ngati "retina" pamtunda wowonera wa 66 cm. Koma titenga iMac yokhala ndi chophimba cha 27 ″ kuwonetsero kachiwiri. Mwachidziwitso, zikanakhala zokwanira kuonjezera chigamulocho kukhala osachepera 3200 × 2000, zomwe zingakhaledi kupita patsogolo, koma kuchokera kuzinthu zamalonda, ndithudi si "WOW effect". Momwemonso, zowonetsera za MacBook Air sizingafune kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma pixel.
Ndiye pali njira ina yomwe ingakhale yotsutsana pang'ono - kuthetsa kawiri. Yadutsa pa iPhone, iPod touch, ndipo posachedwa iPad. Kodi mungafune 13-inch MacBook Air ndi Pro yokhala ndi 2560 x 1600 resolution? Zinthu zonse za GUI zitha kukhala zofanana, koma zimaperekedwa mokongola. Nanga bwanji ma iMacs okhala ndi 3840 x 2160 ndi 5120 x 2800 resolution? Izo zikumveka zokopa kwambiri, sichoncho? Liwiro ndi magwiridwe antchito a makompyuta amasiku ano akuchulukirachulukira. Kulumikizana kwa intaneti (makamaka kunyumba) kumafika ma megabits makumi ambiri. Ma SSD ayamba kuchotsa ma hard drive apamwamba kwambiri, motero akuwonjezera kuyankha kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu. Ndipo mawonekedwe? Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano, malingaliro awo amakhalabe chimodzimodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Kodi umunthu uyenera kuyang'ana chithunzi chowoneka bwino mpaka kalekale? Ayi ndithu. Takwanitsa kale kuthetsa matendawa pazida zam'manja. Zomveka tsopano ayenera makompyuta apakompyuta ndi apakompyuta amabweranso.
Aliyense asananene kuti izi ndizopanda pake ndipo zisankho zamasiku ano ndizokwanira mokwanira - sizili choncho. Ngati ife monga anthu tikanakhala okhutitsidwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili panopa, mwina sitikanatuluka n’komwe m’mapanga. Nthawi zonse pali malo oti muwongolere. Ndimakumbukira bwino zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa iPhone 4, mwachitsanzo: "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika chisankho chotere mufoni yanga yam'manja, koma chithunzicho chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri?" Ndipo ndiye mfundo yake. Pangani ma pixel kuti asawoneke ndikubweretsa chithunzi pafupi ndi dziko lenileni. Ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano. Chithunzi chosalala chimawoneka chosangalatsa komanso chachilengedwe m'maso mwathu.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chikusoweka kuti Apple iwonetse zowonetsa zabwino? Choyamba, mapanelo okha. Kupanga zowonetsera ndi malingaliro a 2560 x 1600, 3840 x 2160 kapena 5120 x 2800 si vuto masiku ano. Funso likadalibe kuti ndalama zomwe akupanga pano ndi ziti komanso ngati zingakhale zopindulitsa kwa Apple kukhazikitsa mapanelo okwera mtengo chaka chino. Mbadwo watsopano wa mapurosesa Ive Bridge yakonzeka kale kuti iwonetsedwe ndi chisankho cha 2560 × 1600. Apple ili kale ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mawonedwe a retina, osachepera MacBooks.
Ndi kuwirikiza kawiri, titha kuganiza kawiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, monga iPad yatsopano. MacBooks akhala akudzitamandira kuti ndi olimba kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo Apple sadzasiya mwayi umenewu mtsogolomu. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kuchepetsa nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zamkati, koma chofunika kwambiri - kuonjezera mphamvu ya batri. Vutoli likuwonekanso kuti lathetsedwa. IPad yatsopano zikuphatikizapo batire, yomwe ili ndi miyeso yofanana ndi ya batri ya iPad 2 ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yoposa 70%. Zitha kuganiziridwa kuti Apple idzafunanso kuzipereka muzinthu zina zam'manja.
Tili ndi zida zofunikira kale, nanga za pulogalamuyo? Kuti mapulogalamu awoneke bwino pazosankha zapamwamba, amayenera kusinthidwa pang'ono. Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, mitundu ya beta ya Xcode ndi OS X Lion idawonetsa zizindikiro zakufika kwa zowonetsera retina. Muwindo losavuta lazokambirana, adapita kukatsegula zomwe zimatchedwa "HiDPI mode", zomwe zinachulukitsa chisankhocho. Zachidziwikire, wosuta sakanatha kuwona kusintha kulikonse paziwonetsero zomwe zilipo, koma kuthekera komweku kukuwonetsa kuti Apple ikuyesa ma prototypes a MacBook okhala ndi zowonetsa za retina. Kenako, zowonadi, opanga mapulogalamu a chipani chachitatu iwonso ayenera kubwera ndikuwonjezeranso ntchito zawo.
Mukuganiza bwanji za mawonekedwe abwino? Ine pandekha ndikukhulupirira kuti nthawi yawo idzafikadi. Chaka chino, ndikhoza kulingalira MacBook Air ndi Pro ndi chisankho cha 2560 x 1600. Sikuti iwo ndithudi adzakhala osavuta kupanga kuposa 27-inch monsters, koma chofunika kwambiri iwo amapanga gawo lalikulu la makompyuta a Apple omwe amagulitsidwa. MacBooks okhala ndi zowonetsera retina angayimire kudumpha kwakukulu patsogolo pa mpikisano. M'malo mwake, iwo sakanagonja kwa kanthawi.
Nkhani yabwino kwambiri! Chiyambireni nditakhala ndi iPhone 4, zakhala zowawa kuyang'ana ma rasters owopsawo. Pa MacBook yanga, 1280x800 ndi yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ndikakhala ndi gudumu lodziwitsa maimelo kapena zosintha mu sitolo yamapulogalamu padoko, sindingathe kuzindikira kuti ndi nambala yamtundu wanji - nambala "4" yopangidwa ndi ma pixel 10 siidziwika bwino. Zowonetsera retina pa MacBooks zidzakhala zazikulu ndipo, koposa zonse, kupita patsogolo kofunikira, komwe ndikudikirira ndendende.
Ndikuvomereza kwathunthu. Pa polojekiti yanga ya 24 ″ yokhala ndi malingaliro a FullHD, mabajiwo amakhala azithunzi ndipo nthawi zina ndimayenera kulingalira nambala.
"Pad yatsopanoyo ili ndi batri yomwe ili ndi miyeso yofanana ya thupi ..." kodi sikuyenera kukhala miyeso "yakuthupi" yochulukirapo?
Inde, zikomo chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokozazi.
Sindikufuna kukumba, koma palibe zipangizo zomwe zatchulidwazi zomwe zili ndi 4x, koma 2x yokha ikadakhala 4x, ipad yatsopano ili ndi 4096 × 3072, yomwe ingakhale yabwino, koma kwenikweni ili ndi chisankho. 2x apamwamba kuposa choyambirira, komanso iPhone ndi iPod Touch. Kupanda kutero, ndikukhulupirira kuti Apple ibwera ndi izi, mwachitsanzo chifukwa chomwe ndidagulira 13 ″ Air osati Pro chifukwa Air ili ndi chiwonetsero chabwinoko.
Mutha kukumba, koma simuli bwino. Imatengedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mapikiselo - akale iPhone 320 x 480 = 153 ndi latsopano iPhone 600 x 640 = 960, iPad yakale 614 x 400 = 1024 760 ndi iPad latsopano 7782 x 40 = 2048, 1536 nthawi zambiri. :)
Chabwino, chiwerengero cha mapikiselo ndi chinthu chimodzi ndi kusamvana palokha ndi china ;) kusamvana ndi 2x kuti ndi Apple palokha amanena choncho ndi chiwerengero cha mapikiselo ndi 4x kuti, koma nkhani kusokoneza kusamvana ndi chiwerengero cha mapikiselo ndi kuti ndi zamkhutu. Pamapeto pake, inde, ndizochitika kuti chinthu chilichonse chosankhidwa chawonjezeka kawiri, kotero chigamulochi chawonjezeka kawiri (1024 × 2 = 2048 ndi 768 × 2 = 1536 ndi chifukwa ndi chinthu cha 2x chomwe chawonjezeka ndi 2x. , kotero pamapeto pake chiwerengero cha ma pixel ndi 2 × 2 zomwe zimachokera ku momwe nambalayi imawerengedwera 1024×768 mwachitsanzo kuchokera ku mawerengedwe (1024×2)x(768×2) = X ngati tichotsa zinthu zotsutsana ndiye X = 4 ngati si X = 3,1MPix) amalakwitsa makamaka apa mayunitsi a 2, mwachitsanzo, dera kapena malo ofanana (chiwerengero cha ma pixel) ndi kutalika / m'lifupi, mwachitsanzo. Zili ngati kugubuduza masentimita ndi masikweya sentimita, inde, ngati m'lifupi ndi kutalika ziwonjezeke ndi 2x, deralo lidzakhala lalikulu kanayi. Kotero inu simuli bwino.
Inde mukulondola. Kusanja kwenikweni sikufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pixel.