Amaya Toman Buku la Leander Kahney, lofotokoza moyo ndi ntchito ya Tim Cook, limasindikizidwa m'masiku ochepa. Ntchitoyi poyamba imayenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yokhudzana ndi Steve Jobs. Zina mwazomwe sizidalowe m'bukuli, koma Kahney adagawana ndi owerenga tsambalo Chipembedzo cha Mac.
Kumaloko komanso mwangwiro
Steve Jobs ankadziwika kuti ndi wangwiro yemwe ankakonda kukhala ndi chirichonse pansi pa ulamuliro - kupanga makompyuta kunali kosiyana ndi izi. Pamene adayambitsa NEXT atachoka ku Apple pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980, adafuna kuwongolera bwino ndikuwongolera kupanga. Koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti sizingakhale zophweka. Leander Kahney, mlembi wa mbiri ya Tim Cook, amapereka chidziwitso chosangalatsa chakumbuyo kwa zochitika za Jobs 'NeXT.
Mu "Steve Jobs ndi Chinthu Chachikulu Chotsatira", Randall E. Stross mosasamala adatcha kupanga makompyuta am'deralo "Ntchito zodula kwambiri komanso zanzeru zomwe zidapangidwapo". M'chaka chimodzi chomwe NEXT idayendetsa fakitale yake yamakompyuta, idataya ndalama komanso chidwi cha anthu.
Kupanga makompyuta ake chinali chinthu chomwe Jobs adatsata kuyambira pachiyambi. M'masiku oyambilira a ntchito za NEXT, Jobs anali ndi dongosolo labwino momwe zopangira zina zimapangidwira ndi makontrakitala, pomwe NEXT yokhayo imayendetsa msonkhano womaliza ndikuyesa. Koma mu 1986, ntchito yabwino ya Jobs ndi chikhumbo chofuna kulamulira bwino chinapambana, ndipo adaganiza kuti kampani yake idzatenga ntchito yonse yopanga makompyuta ake. Zinayenera kuchitika mwachindunji kudera la United States.
Malo a fakitale anali ku Fremont, California ndipo anafalikira pa 40 zikwi masikweya mapazi. Fakitaleyi inali pafupi ndi kumene Macintoshes anapangidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo. Jobs akuti adaseka ndi NEXT CFO Susan Barnes kuti adaphunzira kuchokera ku zolakwika zoyambira kupanga makina a Apple kuti fakitale ya NEXT iyende bwino.
Mthunzi woyenera, njira yoyenera, ndipo palibe zopachika
Gawo la ntchito mu fakitale anati inachitidwa ndi maloboti, kusonkhanitsa kusindikizidwa matabwa dera makompyuta ku NeXTU ntchito luso kuti panopa ambiri mafakitale ambiri padziko lonse. Mofanana ndi Macintosh, Jobs ankafuna kulamulira chirichonse - kuphatikizapo mtundu wa makina a fakitale, omwe ankanyamulidwa mumithunzi yodziwika bwino ya imvi, yoyera ndi yakuda. Ntchito zinali zokhwima pamithunzi ya makinawo, ndipo imodzi mwa iyo itafika mumitundu yosiyanako pang'ono, Steve anaibweza popanda kuchedwa.
Ungwiro wa Jobs udadziwonetseranso mbali zina - mwachitsanzo, adafuna kuti makinawo apite kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere posonkhanitsa matabwa, zomwe zinali zosiyana ndi momwe zinalili panthawiyo. Chifukwa chake chinali, mwa zina, kuti Jobs ankafuna kuti fakitale ipezeke kwa anthu, ndipo anthu, m'malingaliro ake, anali ndi ufulu wowonera ndondomeko yonseyo kuti ikhale yosangalatsa momwe angathere kuchokera pamalingaliro awo.
Komabe, pamapeto pake, fakitaleyo sinawonekere kwa anthu onse, chotero sitepe iyi inakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndiponso yopanda phindu.
Koma iyi sinali gawo lokhalo lofuna kupangitsa kuti fakitale ifike kwa alendo omwe angabwere - Ntchito, mwachitsanzo, inali ndi masitepe apadera omwe adayikidwa pano, makoma oyera mumayendedwe azithunzi kapena mipando yachikopa yachikopa m'chipinda cholandirira alendo, chimodzi mwazo mtengo wake. 20 madola zikwi. Mwa njira, fakitale inalibe zopachika kumene antchito amatha kuyika malaya awo - Ntchito zinkawopa kuti kupezeka kwawo kungasokoneze maonekedwe a minimalist amkati.
Nkhani zokopa
Ntchito sizinaululepo mtengo womanga fakitale, koma akuti "ndizocheperako" kuposa $20 miliyoni zomwe zidatenga pomanga fakitale ya Macintosh.
Ukadaulo wopanga udawonetsedwa ndi NEXT mufilimu yayifupi yotchedwa "The Machine That Builds Machines". Mufilimuyi, maloboti "adachita" akugwira ntchito ndi zolemba pamawu a nyimbo. Zinali pafupifupi chithunzi chabodza, chowonetsa zotheka zonse zomwe fakitale ya NEXT imayenera kupereka. Nkhani ya m’magazini a Newsweek ya October 1988 ikufotokoza ngakhale mmene Jobs anangotsala pang’ono kugwetsa misozi poona maloboti akugwira ntchito.
Fakitale yosiyana pang'ono
Magazini ya Fortune inalongosola malo opangira a NeXT ngati "fakitale yapamwamba kwambiri yamakompyuta," yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi chilichonse - ma lasers, maloboti, liwiro, ndi zolakwika zochepa modabwitsa. Nkhani yochititsa chidwi ikufotokoza, mwachitsanzo, loboti yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a makina osokera omwe amalumikiza mabwalo ophatikizika mwachangu kwambiri. Kufotokozera kwakukulu kumathera ndi mawu osonyeza momwe maloboti amaposa mphamvu za anthu pafakitale. Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, Fortune akugwira mawu Steve Jobs - adanena panthawiyo kuti "adanyadira fakitale monga momwe amachitira pakompyuta".
NeXT sinakhazikitse zolinga zilizonse zopangira fakitale yake, koma malinga ndi kuyerekezera panthawiyo, mzere wopanga udatha kutulutsa ma board opitilira 207 pachaka. Kuwonjezera apo, fakitale inali ndi malo a mzere wachiwiri, womwe ukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Koma NEXT sinafikepo manambala awa.
Ntchito ankafuna kuti azipanga yekha pazifukwa zazikulu ziwiri. Choyamba chinali chinsinsi, chomwe chikanakhala chovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa pamene kupanga kusamutsidwa kwa kampani yothandizana nayo. Chachiŵiri chinali kuwongolera khalidwe—Ntchito zinkakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezereka kwa makina opangira makina kungachepetse vuto la kupanga zinthu.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma automation, fakitale yamakompyuta yamtundu wa NEXT inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zopanga zina za Silicon Valley. M'malo mwa antchito a "blue-collar", ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a maphunziro apamwamba aukadaulo adalembedwa ntchito pano - malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, mpaka 70% ya antchito a fakitale anali ndi digiri ya PhD.
Willy Jobs Wonka
Monga Willy Wonka, mwini fakitale kuchokera m'buku la Roald Dahl "Dwarf and the Chocolate Factory", Steve Jobs ankafuna kuonetsetsa kuti katundu wake sanakhudzidwe ndi manja a anthu mpaka atafika kwa eni ake. Kupatula apo, Jobs adadzipanga ngati Willy Wonka zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, atavala suti yake amaperekeza kasitomala miliyoni miliyoni yemwe adagula iMac kuzungulira kampasi ya Apple.
Randy Heffner, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wopanga zinthu omwe Jobs adawakokera ku NEXT kuchokera ku Hewlett-Packard, adalongosola njira yopangira kampaniyo ngati "kuyesetsa kuti azitha kupikisana pogwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe koyenera ka katundu, malikulu, ndi anthu." M'mawu ake omwe, adalowa nawo NEXT ndendende chifukwa cha kupanga kwake. Ubwino wopanga makina pa NeXT makamaka umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a Heffner kapena kuchepa kwa zolakwika.
Kodi iwo analakwitsa kuti?
Ngakhale kuti lingaliro la Jobs lopanga makina opanga makina linali lanzeru, mchitidwewu unalephera. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za kulephera kupanga chinali ndalama - pofika kumapeto kwa 1988, NEXT inali kupanga makompyuta 400 pamwezi kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Malinga ndi a Heffner, fakitaleyo inali ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mayunitsi 10 pamwezi, koma a Jobs anali ndi nkhawa kuti atha kudzikundikira zidutswa zosagulitsidwa. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, kupanga kunatsika mpaka kufika pa makompyuta zana limodzi pamwezi.
Ndalama zopangira zidali zokwera mosagwirizana ndi makompyuta omwe amagulitsidwa. Fakitale ikugwira ntchito mpaka February 1993, pamene Jobs adaganiza zotsazikana ndi maloto ake opanga makina. Pamodzi ndi kutsekedwa kwa fakitale, Jobs nayenso adatsanzikana kuti akufuna kupanga yekha.
