Pavel Jelic Pamsonkhano wamadivelopa chaka chino WWDC22, tidawona zachilendo zingapo. Monga zimayembekezeredwa, Apple idabwera ndi makina atsopano a iOS ndi iPadOS 16, macOS 13 Ventura ndi watchOS 9, koma kuwonjezera apo, tidawonanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chipangizo chatsopano cha M2, chomwe Apple idayika mu 13 ″ MacBook Pro ndi kukonzanso kwathunthu MacBook Air. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona chipangizo chatsopano cha M2 ndikukuuzani zinthu 7 zomwe muyenera kudziwa za izo.
Izo zikhoza kukhala chidwi inu
Ndi SoC
Anthu ambiri akamaganizira za kompyuta, amaganizira za thupi lomwe lili ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika: purosesa (CPU), graphics accelerator (GPU), kukumbukira (RAM), ndi kusunga. Zigawo zonsezi zimalumikizidwa kudzera pa bolodi la amayi ndikupanga zonse. Komabe, izi sizikugwira ntchito pazida zokhala ndi tchipisi ta Apple Silicon, popeza ndizomwe zimatchedwa kachitidwe pa chip, i.e. System-on-Chip (SoC). Makamaka, izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi kompyuta yonse ili pa chipangizo chimodzi - pankhani ya Apple Silicon, ndi CPU, GPU ndi kukumbukira kogwirizana, kotero kusungirako kamodzi sikukusokonekera.
Chiwerengero cha ma cores
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zikuchitika mdziko la Apple, mwina mwawona chipangizo choyambirira cha Apple Silicon chotchedwa M1. M2 yatsopano ndiyolowa m'malo mwachindunji cha chip ichi ndipo ikuyembekezeka kubwera ndi zosintha zingapo. Ponena za ma CPU cores, M2 imapereka okwana 8, monga Chip M1. Komabe, titha kuwona kusiyana kwa GPU - apa M2 ili ndi ma cores 8 kapena 10 cores, pomwe M1 ili ndi "8" yokha (kapena 7 cores mu MacBook Air M1 yoyambira). M'munda wa CPU, chipangizo cha M2 chikuyenda bwino ndi 1% poyerekeza ndi M18, ndipo m'munda wa GPU ndi 35%.
MacBook Air yatsopano ili ndi chipangizo cha M2
Kukumbukira kwakukulu kogwirizana
Patsamba lapitalo, tinanena kuti M2 imapereka GPU yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi ma cores 10. Chowonadi ndi chakuti tawona zofanana ndi kukumbukira kogwirizana. Ndi chipangizo cha M1, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha kuchokera kumitundu iwiri - yoyambira 8 GB ndipo mwina 16 GB kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ovuta kwambiri. Komabe, 16 GB iyi mwina sikunali kokwanira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, kotero Apple idabwera ndi mtundu watsopano wapamwamba wa kukumbukira wokhala ndi mphamvu ya 2 GB ya chip M24. Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zida zokhala ndi M2 ali ndi mwayi wosankha mitundu itatu ya kukumbukira kofanana kotero kuti ngakhale anthu osowa kwambiri adzapeza njira yawo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukumbukira
Bandwidth yake imagwirizananso mwachindunji ndi kukumbukira kogwirizana, komwe ndi chiwerengero chofunikira kwambiri. Memory throughput imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa deta pa sekondi iliyonse yomwe kukumbukira kungagwire ntchito. Ngakhale kuti chipangizo cha M1 chinali pafupi ndi 70 GB / s, pankhani ya kukumbukira M2 kunali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa 100 GB / s, zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito mofulumira.
Chiwerengero cha ma transistors
Transistors ndi gawo lofunikira la chip chilichonse, ndipo kungoyankhula, chiwerengero chawo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa momwe chipangizocho chilili chovuta. Makamaka, chipangizo cha M2 chili ndi ma transistors 20 biliyoni, pomwe chipangizo cha M1 chili ndi zochepa, zomwe ndi 16 biliyoni. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, pa mutu wa kuchuluka kwa ma transistors, Lamulo la Moore linakhazikitsidwa, lomwe limati “kuchuluka kwa ma transistors omwe amatha kuyikidwa pagawo lophatikizika adzawirikiza kawiri pafupifupi miyezi 18 iliyonse ndikusunga mtengo womwewo ”. Pakalipano, lamuloli silikugwiranso ntchito, chifukwa m'kupita kwa nthawi kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha transistors mu tchipisi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Njira yopanga
Chidziwitso china chofunikira chokhudzana osati ndi chip, koma makamaka kwa transistors, ndi kupanga. Izi zimaperekedwa panopa mu nanometers ndipo zimatsimikizira mtunda pakati pa zinthu ziwiri pa chip, pamenepa pakati pa ma electrodes mu transistors. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kameneka, m'pamenenso malo a chip akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino (mipata ndi yaying'ono). Chip cha M1 chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira 5nm, monga M2. Tiyenera kutchulidwa, komabe, kuti chipangizo chatsopano cha M2 chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira 5nm yachiwiri, yomwe ili yabwinoko pang'ono kuposa mbadwo woyamba. Kwa tchipisi zotsatirazi, tiyenera kuyembekezera kutumizidwa kwa njira yopangira 3nm, kuti tiwone ngati izi zikuyenda bwino.
Zithunzi
Media injini
Chomaliza chomwe muyenera kudziwa za M2 chip ndikuti ili ndi injini yapa media yomwe chipangizo cha M1 chapitacho sichikanatha kudzitamandira nacho komanso tchipisi ta M1 Pro, Max ndi Ultra zokha. Injini ya media idzayamikiridwa makamaka ndi anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi kanema pa Mac, i.e. kuti asinthe, kudula ndi kupereka kanema. Injini ya media imatha kukhathamiritsa bwino ntchito ndi makanema ndikufulumizitsa kwambiri kumasulira komaliza. Mwachindunji, makina osindikizira a Apple Silicon chips amathandiza hardware mathamangitsidwe a H.264, HEVC, ProRes ndi ProRes RAW codecs.
